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Hướng dẫn học tập tiếng Anh (A2)

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  1. HỌC VIỆN CƠNG NGHỆ BƯU CHÍNH VIỄN THƠNG === === SÁCH HƯỚNG DẪN HỌC TẬP TIẾNG ANH (A2) (Dùng cho sinh viên hệ đào tạo đại học từ xa) Lưu hành nội bộ HÀ NỘI - 2006
  2. HỌC VIỆN CƠNG NGHỆ BƯU CHÍNH VIỄN THƠNG SÁCH HƯỚNG DẪN HỌC TẬP TIẾNG ANH (A2) Biên soạn: ThS. Nguyễn Quỳnh Giao ThS. Phạm Nguyên Thư CN. Hà Xuân Đỉnh CN. Nguyễn Hồng Nga Hiệu đính: CN. Nguyễn Thị Huệ ThS. Nguyễn Thị Thiết
  3. LỜI NĨI ĐẦU Quyển Tiếng Anh 2 (English 2) cung cấp chương trình tiếp theo quyển Tiếng Anh 1 (English 1) mà các bạn đã học. Cũng như quyển Tiếng Anh 1, quyển này được biên soạn theo chương trình khung của Học viện Cơng nghệ Bưu chính Viễn thơng. Quyển sách vừa ơn luyện và củng cố các kiến thức bạn đã được học trong quyển trước, vừa tiếp tục cung cấp vốn kiến thức ngữ pháp cơ bản như thì tương lai đơn, thì hiện tại tiếp diễn, thì hiện tại hồn thành tiếp diễn, thì quá khứ tiếp diễn, câu tường thuật, câu điều kiện cĩ thực, câu điều kiện khơng cĩ thực ở hiện tại và quá khứ Quyển sách cũng cung cấp vốn từ vựng đi kèm, giúp cho các bạn luyện ngữ âm và các kỹ năng nghe, nĩi, đọc, viết. Quyển gồm 10 Unit, địi hỏi 75 tiết trên lớp, tương đương ít nhất 100 tiết tự học và 30 tiết cĩ giáo viên hướng dẫn. Như các bạn đã cĩ kinh nghiệm học quyển English 1, trước khi vào bài, nên xem kỹ phần Giới thiệu và Mục đích của bài để hiểu khái quát và thấy được những yêu cầu về kiến thức và thực hành kỹ năng. Trong khi học từng phần Hội thoại, Cấu trúc, Nghe, Đọc, bạn cần đọc kỹ và làm các Bài tập luyện theo đúng những yêu cầu, hướng dẫn đi kèm. Khi gặp những từ hay cụm từ chưa rõ nghĩa, bạn nên tham khảo phần từ vựng trong bài hoặc tra từ điển. Sau Bảng từ vựng là Bài tập củng cố cĩ đáp án đi kèm và bạn cần phải làm bài tập đều đặn trong quá trình học. Phần Tĩm tắt tổng kết kiến thức bạn đã học trong bài. Khi làm bài Tự kiểm tra, bạn nên tuân thủ theo đúng khoảng thời gian tối đa bài đã đề ra. Nếu kết quả bài kiểm tra ở mức tốt thì tức là bạn đã nắm bài tốt và cĩ thể chuyển sang Unit tiếp theo, cịn nếu chưa đạt yêu cầu hay kết quả chưa cao thì bạn nên đọc kỹ lại lý thuyết và làm luyện thêm. Quyển bài giảng đã được xây dựng theo phương pháp giao tiếp, nhằm giúp cho các bạn được thực hành trong các tình huống gần với đời thực. Các kiến thức trong quyển được diễn giải một cách rõ ràng, đồng thời cĩ những phần liên hệ, so sánh, khái quát để giúp cho các bạn trong quá trình tự học sẽ nắm bài tốt hơn. Đi kèm với cuốn sách, các bạn sẽ cần bộ băng hoặc đĩa nghe để giúp bạn học hiệu quả hơn. Sau khi học xong quyển sách này, các bạn đã cĩ vốn kiến thức tiếng Anh cơ bản để tiếp tục các khố học tiếp theo của chương trình. Các tác giả đã rất cố gắng tuy nhiên do điều kiện thời gian hạn hẹp nên những thiếu sĩt trong quyển bài giảng là khĩ tránh khỏi. Chúng tơi rất mong và xin cảm ơn sự đĩng gĩp ý kiến của bạn bè đồng nghiệp và các học viên. Chúng tơi cũng xin chân thành cảm ơn sự tạo điều kiện giúp đỡ của Ban giám đốc Học viện Cơng nghệ Bưu chính viễn thơng, Trung tâm đào tạo Bưu chính viễn thơng 1, Khoa Cơ bản 1 và sự khuyến khích động viên của các bạn bè đồng nghiệp để chúng tơi hồn thành được tập tài liệu này. Nhĩm tác giả
  4. Unit 1. Who’s who? UNIT 1. WHO'S WHO? INTRODUCTION Bây giờ bạn bắt đầu học bài 1. Trong bài này, bạn sẽ ơn lại cách đặt câu sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn, hiện tại tiếp diễn và quá khứ đơn. Bạn sẽ phải nhận biết được sự khác biệt về cấu trúc và cách sử dụng của các thì đĩ. Bạn cũng sẽ luyện cấu trúc mơ tả diện mạo, cấu trúc so sánh. Bạn sẽ được cung cấp phần từ vựng về các trạng từ chỉ tần suất. Bây giờ bạn hãy xem phần Mục đích của bài 1. UNIT OBJECTIVES Phần "Mục đích bài học" giúp bạn biết cụ thể những gì mà bạn sẽ học trong bài. Học xong Bài 1 bạn đã ơn lại những vấn đề: 1. Sử dụng những cấu trúc chào hỏi và giới thiệu thơng tin cá nhân. 2. Mơ tả diện mạo con người. 3. Sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn. 4. Sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn. 5. Sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn. 6. Sử dụng các trạng từ chỉ tần suất (frequency adverbs và adverbials). 7. So sánh. 8. Sử dụng cấu trúc diễn tả sự thay đổi. 9. Sử dụng một số các cụm từ để nối ý trong hội thoại (connecting expressions in conversation). 10. Phân biệt cách phát âm của"i". 1A. DIALOGUE Trước hết bạn hãy nghe các đoạn hội thoại (Unit 1. Dialogue). Trong hội thoại, các nhân vật sẽ giới thiệu, làm quen với nhau. Tất cả các cấu trúc, các từ đều đã quen thuộc vì bạn đã được học ở quyển 1. Phần này chỉ là ơn tập lại. Bạn hãy nghe và sắp xếp lại từng đoạn theo đúng trật tự. 1. A: Professor Andrews, this is Doctor Baxter. 3
  5. Unit 1. Who’s who? B: How do you do? C: How do you do? 2. A: Excuse me. Aren't you Henry Pollard? B: Yes, that's right. 3. A: Where are you from? B: India. A: Whereabouts in India? 4. A: Hello, Al. How are you? B: Fine, thanks, Eric. Nice to see you again. 5. A: May I introduce myself? My name's Susan Roper. B: Oh, hello. I'm John Lee. I'm sorry, I didn't catch your name. 6. A: Sally, do you know Steve? B: No. How do you do? C: Hello, Sally. I'm glad to meet you. 7. A: Tony, I'd like to introduce my friend Mary Parker. B: Oh, hello. I've heard so much about you. C: Hello. Bạn cần lưu ý cách thức tự giới thiệu (May I introduce myself? My name's Susan Roper.), cách giới thiệu 2 người làm quen với nhau (Tony, I'd like to introduce my friend Mary Parker./ Sally, do you know Steve? / Professor Andrews, this is Doctor Baxter.), cách chào hỏi làm quen khi lần đầu gặp nhau (How do you do?). Bạn cũng cần phân biệt sự khác nhau khi sử dụng cấu trúc "How do you do?" (dùng để chào hỏi) với cấu trúc" How are you?" (dùng để hỏi thăm). 1B. STRUCTURE Structure 1: Be, Have got and Can Sau đây là một số câu sử dụng động từ Be, Have got và Can. You're too old. You haven't got any money. Maybe you're right. I can speak three languages. Yes, you are. He can dance all night. We're the same age. Yes, he can. Yes, we are. You can't dance. My eyes are a bit small. I can't say the same. 4
  6. Unit 1. Who’s who? They're pretty. No, he isn't. Yes, they are. Age isn't important. He's got a great sense of humour. Why isn't she happy? Yes, he has. He hasn't got any hair. You've got pretty eyes. No, he hasn't. Note 1 Hãy ơn lại cách chia các động từ đĩ. Be Have got Can I am I/ You/ We/ They have got I/ He/ She/ It can swim We/ You/ They are He/ She/ It has got etc. He/ She/ It is Am I? Have I/ you/ we/ they got? Can you swim? Are we/ you/ they? Has he/ she/ it got? etc. Is he/ she/it? I am not (I'm not) I have not (haven't) got I cannot (can't) swim We/ You/ They are not (We're not/ we He/ She/ It has not (hasn't) got aren't) etc. etc. etc. He/ She/ It is not (He's not/ He isn't etc.) Structure Practice 1 Sau khi đọc xong phần Ghi chú 1, hãy làm bài tập theo yêu cầu. Hãy nhìn tranh và điền từ thích hợp vào các câu. 5
  7. Unit 1. Who’s who? 1. B hasn't got any 2. F has got lovely brown 3. C has got a nose. 4. A has got hair. 5. D is very 6. E is wearing Structure 2: Simple Present Tense (Thì hiện tại đơn) Như bạn đã học ở quyển 1, các động từ chia ở thì hiện tại đơn như sau: Các ngơi thứ nhất (I, We), thứ 2 (You) và thứ 3 số nhiều (They) chia giống động từ nguyên thể. Cịn ngơi thứ 3 số ít (He/ She/ It) thì thêm "s" vào sau động từ nguyên thể. Tuy nhiên trừ một số trường hợp đặc biệt. Ví dụ: stops wishes watches misses plays tries goes does Thì hiện tại đơn được dùng để diễn tả: - Những sự việc luơn luơn đúng, là quy luật Light and heat come from the sun. - Những sự việc xảy ra ở hiện tại Today he goes to the cinema with Anne. - Những sự việc xảy ra thường xuyên, lặp đi lặp lại I always study from five to seven o'clock. Những sự việc xảy ra thường xuyên, lặp đi lặp lại thì thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tần suất (frequency adverbs). Structure Practice 2 Hãy viết dạng đúng của động từ. 1. My father always Sunday dinner. (make) 2. Ruth eggs; they her ill. (not eat; make) 3. "Have you got a light, by any chance?" "Sorry, I " (smoke) 4. Where Mark to school? (go) 5. your parents your girlfriend? (like) 6. How often you swimming? (go) 7. Where your sister ? (work) 8. Ann usually lunch. (not have) 9. Who the ironing in your house? (do) 6
  8. Unit 1. Who’s who? 10. We out during the week. (not go) 11. My uncle a lot. (worry) 12. Veronica Mastermind every week. (watch) Sau khi học xong phần Thực hành cấu trúc 2, bạn chuyển tiếp sang học Cấu trúc 3, nĩi về frequency adverbs và adverbials. Structure 3: Frequency adverbs and adverbials Các trạng từ chỉ tần suất được sử dụng để diễn tả các sự việc xảy ra thường xuyên như một thĩi quen. Hãy xem các ví dụ để nhận xét về vị trí của các trạng từ chỉ tần suất khi đứng trong câu. Adele's mornings usually start fairly late. Adele doesn't very often get up early. Structure Practice 3.1 Hãy viết lại các câu, trong đĩ nĩi rõ các sự việc diễn ra ở mức độ thường xuyên như thế nào. Cần nhớ rằng bạn đặt các trạng từ chỉ tần suất trước động từ chính (nhưng sau “don't/ doesn't”). 1. Rufus brings Adele a cup of tea in bed. (usually) 2. Adele does housework on Saturday. (sometimes) 3. Adele takes the dog for a walk. (often) 4. Adele reads the newspapers at some time during the weekend. (always) 5. Adele visits her elderly mother in Newbury. (quite often) 6. They have breakfast. (not usually) 7. They have Saturday lunch. (not often) 8. They have a heavy meal in the evening. (hardly ever) 9. Rufus does the crossword puzzle in the Saturday newspaper. (normally) 7
  9. Unit 1. Who’s who? 10. Rufus lies in on Sunday morning. (almost always) Structure Practice 3.2 Trả lời các câu hỏi sau. Hãy sử dụng các cấu trúc trong phần đĩng khung. I sometimes/ often/ usually go dancing on Saturdays. I play tennis once/ twice/ three times a week. I go to the hairdresser every ten days/ every week. 1. How often do you lie in bed after waking up? 2. What do you usually have for breakfast? 3. How often do you talk to yourself? 4. How often do you daydream at work or school? 5. How often do you have arguments with other people in your head? 6. Are you usually more awake in the morning or in the evening? 7. How often do you sing in the bath or shower? 8. How often do you cook for yourself? 9. How often do you go shopping? 10. How often do you look in a mirror? 8
  10. Unit 1. Who’s who? Structure 4: Comparison of adjectives (So sánh các tính từ) Ở quyển 1 bạn đã học về cách cấu tạo dạng so sánh hơn và so sánh tuyệt đối. Bạn hãy nhìn vào các ví dụ và nhớ lại cách cấu tạo. old → older /oldest cheap → cheaper/ cheapest fat → fatter/ fattest happy → happier/ happiest interesting → more interesting/ most interesting good → better/best bad → worse/ worst far → further/ furthest Structure Practice 4.1 Hồn thành các câu. Mỗi câu sử dụng dạng so sánh hơn của một trong những tính từ sau. crowded early expensive interested near quiet easy serious thin large 1. This jacket is too small. I need a size. 2. You look Have you lost weight? 3. He's not so keen on his studies. He's in having a good time. 4. You're making too much noise. Can you be a bit ? 5. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was than usual. 6. You're late. I expected you to be here 7. The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be much 8. It's a pity you live so far away. I wish you lived 9. The examination was than we expected. 10. Her illness was than we at first thought. Structure Practice 4.2 Hồn thành các câu sau trong đĩ cĩ sử dụng dạng so sánh tuyệt đối cùng với giới từ. Ví dụ: It's a very nice room. It's the nicest room in the hotel. 1. It's a very cheap restaurant. It's the town. 2. It was a very happy day. It was my life. 3. She's a very intelligent student. She the school. 4. It's a very valuable painting. It the gallery. Trong các câu sau, hãy sử dụng "one of the + superlative + N" cùng với giới từ. Ví dụ: It's a very nice room. It's one of the nicest rooms in the hotel. 5. He's a very rich man. He's one the world. 9
  11. Unit 1. Who’s who? 6. It's a very old castle. It's Britain. 7. He's a very good player. He the team. 8. It was a very bad experience. It was my life. 9. He's a very dangerous criminal. He the country. Structure 5: Get + comparative (to express changes) Khi sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh, bạn cũng cĩ thể sử dụng cấu trúc "get + comparative" để diễn tả sự thay đổi (change). Khi dùng cấu trúc này, bạn chia động từ "get" ở thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present Continuous Tense). Note 2 Như bạn đã học ở quyển 1, thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn cĩ cách chia như sau: be + V-ing. work → working take → taking sit → sitting lie → lying Thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn dùng để diễn tả: - Những sự việc đang xảy ra What are you doing? We are learning English. - Những sự việc đang thay đổi The world's climate is getting warmer. - Các kế hoạch trong tương lai I'm not working next Saturday. Structure Practice 5.1 Hồn thành câu, mỗi câu sử dụng một trong các từ và cụm từ trong phần đĩng khung. are getting are going army average changing fast height is getting price is happening problem slowly unemployed worse 1. The of petrol is going up again. 2. Three years ago there were two million people without jobs. Now there are over three million 3. The housing problem is getting 4. Food prices up. 5. Things are changing very these days. 10
  12. Unit 1. Who’s who? 6. Restaurants more and more expensive. 7. In 1981, the cost of a good meal for two, with wine, was £ 25. 8. There are 300,000 men in the 9. What ? I can't see. Structure Practice 5.2 Đặt câu với "getting” hay “going". 1. the price of drinking water/up Why is the price of drinking water going up? 2. inflation/ down ? 3. my mother's cold/ better ? 4. the number of university students/ down ? 5. my sister's husband/ better ? 6. the baby's weight/ up ? 7. Sunday newspapers/ more expensive ? 8. the number of road accidents/ down ? 9. the price of air tickets/ up ? 10. the Atlantic Ocean/ dirtier ? Structure 6: Simple Past Tense (Thì quá khứ đơn) Như bạn đã học ở quyển 1, các động từ chia ở thì quá khứ đơn như sau: - Phần lớn các động từ được chia: V + ed listen → listened hate → hated stop → stopped study → studied - Trừ một số động từ bất quy tắc 11
  13. Unit 1. Who’s who? go → went break → broke buy → bought be → was/were Thì quá khứ đơn dùng để diển tả những sự việc đã xảy ra, thường đi với những từ "yesterday, ago, last week/ month/ year, then, when " I saw "Carmen" three years ago. Structure Practice 6.1 Hãy chuyển các câu sau sang thì quá khứ đơn. Ví dụ: Tom usually gets up at 7.30. Yesterday he got up at 7.30. 1. Tom usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning 2. Tom usually walks to work. Yesterday 3. Tom is usually late for work. Yesterday 4. Tom usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday 5. Tom usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday evening 6. Tom usually sleeps very well. Last night Structure Practice 6.2 Hồn thành các câu với các động từ sau. hurt teach spend sell throw fall catch buy cost 1. Tom's father him how to drive when he was 17. 2. Don down the stairs this morning and his leg. 3. We need some money so we our car. 4. Ann a lot of money yesterday. She a dress which £50. 5. Jim the ball to Sue who it. Structure 7: Connecting expressions in conversation Hãy điền mỗi từ hoặc cụm từ dưới đây vào một chỗ trống thích hợp. (Mỗi một vị trí cĩ thể cĩ hơn một cách trả lời). John: actually, even, I don't know, just, look Mary: I do think, I don't know, perhaps, so what, still, though John: (1) , Mary, the problem is, we're (2) too different. Mary: OK, we're different. (3)? People are different. 12
  14. Unit 1. Who’s who? John: Well, we don't have the same interests. We don't (4) like the same people. Mary: (5) not. (6), we get on very well together most of the time. John: (7), Mary, I don't think we do. Mary: Well, OK, John, maybe there are some problems. But (8) we should go on trying for a bit longer. John: (9), Mary. Do you think we're getting anywhere? Mary: (10) either. Let's have one more try, (11). John: OK. One more try. Pronunciation Hãy đọc các từ sau. 1. fish chicken million big 2. price time rising night right 3. thirty first shirt Hãy xem các từ sau phát âm như thế nào? Chúng thuộc nhĩm 1, 2 hay 3? a. girl b. size c. arriving d. tights e. white f. thirsty g. light h. with i. fin j. bird k. stir l. bright m. slight n. excite o. ride p. fifty 1C. LISTENING Hãy nghe (Unit 1. Listening) và trả lời các câu hỏi. First recording 1. What is the man's name? 2. Which is his picture? 3. Who is the woman? Second recording 4. Who is the first speaker? 5. Who is the other speaker? 6. Who are they talking about? 7. Which is his picture? 13
  15. Unit 1. Who’s who? Third recording 8. Who is speaking? 9. Which is her picture? 10. Which is Sally's picture? Fourth recording 11. Who is the first speaker? 1D. READING Hãy đọc đoạn văn sau rồi trả lời các câu hỏi. I am a family doctor and I’ve got about two thousand patients. A lot of my patients are never ill, so I never see them. But I’ve got a lot of old patients, and they often have problems. They sometimes come to see me two or three times a week. Then there are the mothers with young children. They often bring their children to see me. I’ve got a very good secretary, but I’m always very busy. 1. Is the doctor a busy man? 2. How many patients has he got? 3. Who have a lot of problems ? 4. Has he got a secretary ? 5. Do mothers never bring their children to see the doctor ? 14
  16. Unit 1. Who’s who? SUMMARY Tới lúc này bạn đã học tất cả những nội dung ghi trong phần Tĩm tắt dưới đây. Nếu chưa nắm vững phần nào, bạn hãy đọc lại phần đĩ và làm các bài tập cho đến khi bạn đạt được các mục đích của bài học. Trong Unit 1 bạn đã luyện những vấn đề sau: 1. Chào hỏi, giới thiệu thơng tin cá nhân và giới thiệu mọi người với nhau. May I introduce myself? Tony, I'd like to introduce my friend Mary Parker. 2. Mơ tả diện mạo của người. You're too old. My eyes are a bit small. 3. Sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn. The weather usually gets warmer in April. 4. Sử dụng thì hiện tại tiếp diễn. What are you doing? We are learning English. 5. Sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn. I changed my job last week. 6. Sử dụng các frequency adverbs và adverbials. Adele's mornings usually start fairly late. Adele doesn't very often get up early. 7. So sánh tính từ ở cấp độ hơn và tuyệt đối. His car is cheaper than mine. Hanoi is the most beautiful city that I know. 8. Sử dụng cấu trúc diễn tả sự thay đổi. The world's climate is getting warmer. 9. Sử dụng một số các cụm từ để nối ý trong hội thoại. 10. Phân biệt cách phát âm của"i". SELF-TEST Thời gian tối đa để hồn thành bài tự kiểm tra này là 100 phút. Điểm số dành cho mỗi câu hỏi được ghi trong ngoặc ở đầu mỗi câu hỏi. Nếu trả lời đúng tất cả các câu hỏi bạn cĩ thể chuyển sang học tiếp Unit 2. 15
  17. Unit 1. Who’s who? Chú ý: Bạn cần tự trả lời tất cả các câu hỏi trước khi xem “Key to Self-test”. I. Fill in the gaps in the conversations. (20 points) a. Tom: Jake, (1) like to (2) my friend Alice. Alice: How (3)? Jake: How (4)? b. Ann: Andy, (5) is Louise. Andy: Hello, Louise. I'm (6) to (7) you. c. Joe: Hello, Phil. How (8)? Phil: Fine, (9), Joe. (10) to see you again. d. Cathy: Janet, (11) Susan? Janet: No. How do you do? I've heard (12) much (13) you. e. Judy: (14) I introduce (15)? My (16) Judy Gower. Ruth: Hello. I'm Ruth Collins. I'm sorry, I didn't (17) your name. f. Kate: Where are you from? Mark: Canada. Kate: (18) in Canada? Mark: Toronto. g. Steve: (19) me. Are you Liz Bush? Liz: Yes, that's (20). II. Rewrite the sentences, adding the frequency adverbs. (20 points) 1. I get up quite early on Saturdays. (usually) 2. My son goes to school on Saturday morning. (normally) 3. My daughter goes to a gym club. (quite often) 4. After gym club, we go to the bakery for fresh cakes. (almost always) 5. In the afternoon, father takes them somewhere like a museum or a zoo. (often) 6. We try to go away and visit friends. (once a month) 16
  18. Unit 1. Who’s who? 7. On Saturdays, I get up before ten. (hardly ever) 8. I go to church, but my husband does. (never; sometimes) 9. We have guests for Sunday lunch. (quite often) 10. We visit my father and mother. (every week) III. Put in the correct verb forms. (20 points) 1. Look! It again. (rain) 2. It always when I want to go for a walk. (rain) 3. "What you ?" " I a letter." (do; write) 4. "What you ?" "I'm a telecommunications engineer." (do) 5. " you fish?" " Not very much." (like) 6. "Have you got a cigarette?" "Sorry, I " (not smoke) 7. "What time you up?" "At seven o'clock, usually." (get) 8. "Would you like to play tennis tomorrow?" "Sorry, I with Bill." (play) 9. I most Saturday mornings. (work) 10. "Is your father here?" "No, he " (shop) IV. This is a part of a conversation between a policeman and a young woman. Fill in the gaps. The words in the box will help you. (40 points) arrive do go make see stop take telephone travel watch Policeman: What time (1) work yesterday? Woman: I don't know. About half past five. Pol: And where (2) after that? Wom: I went straight home. Pol: I see. How (3) home? By bus? Wom: Yes. Pol: What bus (4) ? Wom: I don't remember. 17
  19. Unit 1. Who’s who? Pol: All right. What time (5) home? Wom: Oh, around six, I suppose. Pol: (6) anybody you knew on the way? Wom: I don't think so. I don't remember. Pol: What (7) when you got home? Wom: Made a cup of tea and put the TV on. Pol: Oh, yes. What programme (8)? Wom: "Front page". Pol: "Front page" wasn't on last night. Wom: I've got it recorded on video. Pol: I see. (9) any phone calls? Wom: Pardon? Pol: (10) anybody? Wom: I might have done. I don't remember. KEY TO STRUCTURE EXERCISES Structure Practice 1 1. hair 2. eyes 3. big 4. short 5. handsome 6. glasses Structure Practice 2 1. makes 2. doesn't eat; make 3. don't smoke 4. does (Mark) go 5. Do (your parents) like 6. do (you) go 7. does (your sister) work 8. doesn't (usually) have 9. does 10. don't go 11. worries 12. watches Structure Practice 3.1 1. Rufus usually brings Adele a cup of tea in bed. 18
  20. Unit 1. Who’s who? 2. Adele sometimes does housework on Saturday. 3. Adele often takes the dog for a walk. 4. Adele always reads the newspapers at some time during the weekend. 5. Adele quite often visits her elderly mother in Newbury. 6. They don't usually have breakfast. 7. They don't often have Saturday lunch. 8. They hardly ever have a heavy meal in the evening. 9. Rufus normally does the crossword puzzle in the Saturday newspaper. 10. Rufus almost always lies in on Sunday morning. Structure Practice 4.1 1. larger 2. thinner 3. more interested 4. quieter (more quiet) 5. more crowded 6. earlier 7. more expensive 8. nearer 9. easier 10. more serious Structure Practice 4.2 1. It's the cheapest restaurant in the town. 2. It was the happiest day of my life. 3. She is the most intelligent student in the school. 4. It is the most valuable painting in the gallery. 5. He's one of the richest men in the world. 6. It's one of the oldest castles in Britain. 7. He is one of the best players in the team. 8. It was one of the worst experiences of my life/ in my life. 9. He is one of the most dangerous criminals in the country. Structure Practice 5.1 1. price 2. unemployed 3. worse 4. are going 5. fast/ slowly 6. are getting 7. average 8. army 9. is happening Structure Practice 5.2 2. How fast is inflation going down? 3. Is your mother's cold getting better? 4. Why is the number of university students going down? 19
  21. Unit 1. Who’s who? 5. Is your sister's husband getting better? 6. How fast is the baby's weight going up? 7. Are the Sunday newspapers getting more expensive? 8. Is the number of road accidents going down? 9. Why is the price of air tickets going up? 10. Is the Atlantic Ocean getting dirtier? Structure Practice 6.1 1. he woke up early. 2. he walked to work. 3. he was late for work. 4. he had a sandwich for lunch. 5. he went out. 6. he slept very well. Structure Practice 6.2 1. taught 4. spent bought cost 2. fell hurt 5. threw caught 3. sold Structure Practice 7 1. Look (or Actually) 7. Actually (or Look or I don't know) 2. just 8. I do think (or perhaps) 3. So what 9. I don't know 4. even 10. I don't know 5. Perhaps 11. though 6. Still (or I don't know) KEY TO PRONUNCIATION 1. /i/: h/ i/ p 2. /ai/: b/ c/ d/ e/ g/ l/ m/ n/ o 3. /∈/: a/ f/ j/ k/ KEY TO LISTENING Tapescript 1. Sally: Look, Jake, you're just too old for me. Jake: No, I'm not. Sally: Yes, you are. You're 20 years older than me. Jake: Well, yes, OK, but so what? Age isn't important, Sally. 20
  22. Unit 1. Who’s who? Sally: Yes, it is, Jake. You're boring. You can't dance, you don't like my friends, you've got no sense of humour, and you haven't got any hair. All you can do is talk about yourself and read books and listen to music. You haven't even got any money. Jake: Well, yes, I know, but money isn't everything. 2. Sally: What's he like, then, Polly? Polly: Who, Rob? Well, you know, he's very good-looking. Sally: What, tall, dark and handsome? Polly: Well, not as tall as your Jake. But he's dark and handsome all right. He's got lovely brown eyes and a super smile. And he's got a great sense of humour. And he can dance all night. And he thinks I'm great. Sally: I must say you're lucky. I can't say the same about Jake. Rob's older than you, isn't he? Polly: No, actually, he isn't. We're the same age. Both 21 next summer. 3. Polly: Perhaps my nose is too big. Do you think it is? No, perhaps not. I don't know. On the other hand, my hair's nice. Rob says he likes long fair hair. He's sweet. My eyes are a bit small, though. Still, they're pretty. And I know I've got really nice teeth. Look at that smile. I do think my nose is too big, though. Well, perhaps not. I don't know. 4. Jake: I don't know what the problem is. I'm good-looking, I'm very intelligent, though I say it myself, I'm an interesting person, I've got a lot of experience of the world, I've got a good job, I can speak three languages. Why isn't she happy? Rob: Well, perhaps you're too perfect. You're just too good for her. Jake: Yes, maybe you're right, Rob. Perhaps that's it. 1. Jake 2. B 3. Sally 4. Sally 5. Polly 6. Rob 8. Polly 9. C 10. E (If Polly is C, Sally must be A or E, but she's 20 years younger than Jake). 11. Jake KEY TO READING 1. Yes, he is. 2. Two thousand patients. 3. Some of the old people 4. Yes, he has got a good secretary. 5. No, they often bring their children to see me. KEY TO SELF-TEST I. 1. I'd 2. introduce 3. do you do 21
  23. Unit 1. Who’s who? 4. do you do 5. this 6. glad 7. meet 8. are 9. thanks 10. Nice 11. do you know 12. so 13. about 14. May 15. myself 16. name's 17. catch 18. Whereabouts 19. Excuse 20. right II. 1. I usually get up 2. My son normally goes to school 3. My daughter quite often goes 4. we almost always go 5. the children's father often takes 6. We try to go away once a month 7. I hardly ever get up 8. I never go my husband sometimes 9. We quite often have 10. We visit mother every week III. 1. is raining. 2. rains 3. are you doing am writing 4. do you do 5. Do you like 6. don't smoke 7. do you get 8. 'm playing 9. work 10. 's shopping IV. 1. did you stop 2. did you go 3. did you travel 4. did you take 5. did you arrive 6. Did you see 7. did you do 8. did you watch 9. Did you make 10. did you telephone VOCABULARY Bạn nên tham khảo bảng từ vựng thường xuyên trong quá trình học, khơng chỉ riêng bài này mà tất cả các bài khác để tăng vốn từ vựng tiếng Anh. argument ['ɑ:gjumənt] n sự tranh luận, sự cãi nhau average ['ỉvəridʒ] n số trung bình, loại, mức trung bình canoe [kə'nu:] n xuồng criminal ['kriminl] n kẻ sát nhân, kẻ giết người daydream ['deidri:m] v,n mơ màng 22
  24. Unit 1. Who’s who? desert ['dezət] n sa mạc seed [si:d] n hạt great sense of humour expr biết đùa, cĩ khiếu hài hước indoors [in'dɔ:z] adv ở trong nhà increase ['inkri:s] v tăng lên knit [nit] v đan, dệt lens [lenz] n thấu kính, ống kính (máy ảnh) object ['ɔbdʒikt] n đồ vật, vật thể outdoors [,aut'dɔ:z] adv ở ngồi trời palm [pɑ:m] n cây cọ parrot ['pỉrət] n con vẹt roof [ru:f] n mái nhà shelter ['∫eltə] n căn lều snake [sneik] n con rắn take pictures v chụp ảnh tree branch [brɑ:nt∫] n cành cây wild pig [pig] n lợn rừng 23
  25. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident UNIT 2. I'M AFRAID I'VE HAD AN ACCIDENT INTRODUCTION Bây giờ bạn bắt đầu học bài 2. Trong bài này, bạn sẽ ơn cách đặt câu sử dụng thì hiện tại hồn thành. Bạn cũng sẽ luyện cấu trúc "How long " - cách hỏi và cách trả lời. Khi thực hành trả lời cấu trúc "How long " bạn sẽ luyện phân biệt cách sử dụng của "for" và "since". Ngồi ra bạn cịn học thêm cấu trúc "going to " khi nĩi về tương lai. Bây giờ bạn hãy xem phần Mục đích của bài 2. UNIT OBJECTIVES Phần "Mục đích bài học" giúp bạn biết cụ thể những gì mà bạn sẽ học trong bài. Học xong Bài 2 bạn đã ơn luyện: 1. Chia động từ ở thì Hiện tại hồn thành 2. Cách dùng của thì Hiện tại hồn thành. 3. Đặt câu hỏi với câu hỏi "How long " và trả lời. 4. Phân biệt cách dùng của "for" và "since". 5. Cách dùng của cấu trúc "going to ". 2A. DIALOGUE Bạn hãy nghe bài hội thoại (Unit 2. Dialogue) rồi trả lời các câu hỏi. George: Mrs Scott Mrs Scott: Yes? George: I'm afraid I've had an accident. Mrs Scott: Oh dear! What's happened? George: I've spilt my coffee. Mrs Scott: Never mind. Here's a cloth. 1. Who do you think Mrs Scott is? 24
  26. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident 2. What happened to George? 3. What has Mrs Scott given him? 4. Does Mrs Scott feel angry? Khi đã trả lời xong các câu hỏi, bạn hãy chuyển sang phần Cấu trúc. 2B. STRUCTURE Structure 1. Present Perfect Tense (Thì Hiện tại hồn thành) Bạn đã được giới thiệu về thì Hiện tại hồn thành trong quyển Tiếng Anh 1. Trước khi làm các phần luyện trong bài này, bạn hãy ơn lại cấu trúc của thì Hiện tại hồn thành, các ý nghĩa chính của thì và dạng quá khứ phân từ của các động từ bất quy tắc. 1. Cách thành lập: Have/ Has + PII Phân từ quá khứ (PII: Past Participle) của động từ quy tắc tận cùng bằng "-ed". Ví dụ: opened, decided, started Phân từ quá khứ của các động từ bất quy tắc khơng theo nguyên tắc đĩ. Ví dụ: lost, written, done 2. Ý nghĩa: Thì Hiện tại hồn thành cĩ các ý nghĩa sau: * Chỉ ra một sự liên hệ với hiện tại. Jim has gone to Canada. (= He is in Canada or on his way there now.) * Thơng báo tin tức mới hoặc một việc vừa mới xảy ra. Do you know about Jim? He's gone to Canada. * Nĩi về một khoảng thời gian kéo dài đến hiện tại. We've met a lot of interesting people in the last few days. Note 1: Thì Hiện tại hồn thành thường đi với "ever, never, before, since, just, already, yet, this morning/week/ month/ year " (khoảng thời gian chưa hết vào thời điểm nĩi). Have you seen "Hamlet" before? I haven't eaten anything since yesterday morning. 25
  27. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident Note 2: Lưu ý phân biệt ý nghĩa thì Hiện tại hồn thành (nĩi về sự việc cĩ liên hệ với hiện tại) và thì Quá khứ đơn (chỉ nĩi về sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ). Shakespeare wrote many plays. My sister is a writer. She has written many books. (She still writes books.) Structure Practice 1.1 Bạn nĩi gì trong những tình huống sau? Example: You are in a big shop. You want to buy something, but you have forgotten your banker's card. You say: Good morning. I wonder if you can help me. I've forgotten my banker's card. 1. You are speaking to the post clerk. You have lost your mobile phone. 2. You left some shoes for repair. You are in the shop. You have forgotten your receipt. 3. You are speaking to the doorman at a big hotel. You were invited to the reception, but you have forgotten your invitation. 4. You are in the optician's. You have broken your glasses. 5. You are in the library. You want a book. You have lost your ticket. 6. You are talking to the doorman at the cinema. You have just come out. You have left your handbag inside. Structure Practice 1.2 Hãy xem ví dụ sau: A: I've lost my passport. B: reported/ to the police? → Have you reported it to the police? Hãy đặt câu tương tự với các tình huống dưới đây: 1. A: I've lost my key. B: looked/ all your pockets? 2. A: I've broken a tooth. B: seen/ dentist? 26
  28. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident 3. A: I've lost my city phone. B: reported/ post office? 4. A: I haven't found that purse I lost. B: asked/ the police station? 5. A: I've forgotten to get any milk. B: looked/ refrigerator? 6. A: I've hurt my knee. B: been/ doctor? 7. A: I've forgotten Bob's telephone number. B: looked/ telephone directory? 8. A: I've had a headache all day. B: taken/ aspirin? Structure 2: How long have you (been) ? Bạn hãy xem ví dụ sau: Bob and Alice are married. They got married exactly 20 years ago, so today is their 20th wedding anniversary. They have been married for 20 years. Chúng ta nĩi: How long have they been married? (not "How long are they married?") They have been married for 20 years. (not "They are married for 20 years") Như vậy ta dùng câu hỏi "How long " để hỏi một sự việc đã tồn tại, xảy ra được bao lâu. How long have you been married? How long have you lived in this city? Structure Practice 2.1 Đọc các tình huống và viết câu hỏi dựa vào những từ trong ngoặc. 1. John tells you that his mother is in hospital. You ask him: (how long/ be/ in hospital?) How long has your mother been in hospital? 2. You meet a woman who tells you that she teaches English. You ask her: (how long/ teach English?) 3. You know that Jane is a good friend of Carol's. You ask Jane: (how long/ know/ Carol?) 27
  29. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident 4. Your friend's brother went to Australia some time ago and he's still there. You ask your friend: (how long/ be/ in Australia?) 5. Tim always wears the same jacket. It's a very old jacket. You ask him: (how long/ have/ that jacket?) 6. You are talking to a friend about Alan. Alan now works at an informatics company. You ask your friend: (how long/ work/ at the informatics company?) 7. A friend of yours is having driving lessons. You ask him: (how long/ have/ driving lessons?) 8. You meet somebody on a train. She tells you that she lives in Glasgow. You ask her: (how long/ live/ in Glasgow?) Structure Practice 2.2 Trả lời các câu hỏi sau, dùng thơng tin thực về chính bản thân bạn. 1. How long have you lived in this town/ city? 2. How long have you been in this course? 3. How long have you been learning English? 4. How long have you known your best friend? 5. How long haven't you written letters to your friends? 6. How long haven't you read books? 7. How long haven't you seen your doctor? 8. How long haven't you eaten fish? 28
  30. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident Structure 3: "Since" and "For" Hãy xem 2 ví dụ sau: How long have Tom and Ann known each other? They've known each other since they were at school. They've known each other for a long time. Chúng ta dùng cả "since" và "for" để nĩi một sự việc đã xảy ra được bao lâu. I've waited for you since 8 o'clock. I've waited for you for 2 hours. Chúng ta dùng "since" khi nĩi đến thời điểm bắt đầu của một khoảng thời gian (8 giờ), dùng "for" khi nĩi đến một khoảng thời gian (2 tiếng đồng hồ). Since 8 o'clock ← for 2 hours → 10 o'clock ↓ ( khoảng thời gian) (bây giờ) ( thời gian bắt đầu của khoảng thời gian) Structure Practice 3.1 since yesterday = for 24 hours for 400 years = since the 16th century since last Tuesday = for since last = for five days since 1977 = for I was born = all my life = since my birthday since nine o'clock = since last July = for ten years = Structure Practice 3.2 Điền "for" hay "since"? 1. He's been ill last week. 2. Tom's father has been the director of the company 10 years. 3. Have you been here a long time? 4. Sarah has lived in London 1985. 5. Christmas, the weather has been quite good. 29
  31. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident 6. There hasn't been any news from him months. 7. The house is very dirty. We haven't cleaned it ages. 8. I haven't had a good meal last Tuesday. Structure 4: going to * Chúng ta dùng "going to " khi nĩi về một việc mà chúng ta đã quyết định sẽ làm hay một việc chúng ta dự định sẽ làm trong tương lai. There's a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? No, I'm too tired. I'm going to have an early night. * Chúng ta dùng "going to " khi nĩi về một việc mà ai đĩ sắp xếp để thực hiện (tương tự như dùng thì Hiện tại tiếp diễn) What time are you going to meet Ann? = What time are you meeting Ann? I'm going to travel to Scotland on Monday. = I'm traveling to Scotland on Monday. * Các bạn cần phân biệt được sự khác nhau giữa "will" và "going to": cả hai đều được dùng để nĩi về những hành động tương lai, nhưng cĩ sự khác biệt rõ ràng. - "will" được dùng khi chúng ta quyết định làm điều gì đĩ ngay vào lúc nĩi. Trước đĩ người nĩi chưa quyết định làm. Ví dụ: Sue: Let's have a party. Helen: That's a great idea. We'll invite lots of people. (The party is a new idea.) decision now ___x (I'll )___ past now future - "going to" được dùng khi chúng ta đã quyết định trước đĩ làm điều gì. Ví dụ: Later that day, Helen meets Dave: " Sue and I have decided to have a party. We're going to invite lots of people." → Helen had already decided to invite lots of people before she spoke to Dave. decision before ___x___x (I'm going to )___ past now future - Tuy nhiên đơi lúc khơng cĩ sự khác biệt nhiều giữa "will" và "going to". Bạn cĩ thể nĩi: I think the weather will be nice later. I think the weather is going to be nice later. 30
  32. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident Khi chúng ta nĩi "something is going to happen", chúng ta biết (hoặc nghĩ) như vậy nhờ vào tình huống hiện tại. Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain. I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick. Trong những tình huống khác, tốt hơn nên dùng "will". Tom will probably arrive at about 8 o'clock. I think Ann will like the present we bought for her. Structure Practice 4.1 Hồn thành các câu trong đĩ sử dụng "will" (’ll) hoặc "going to". 1. A: Why are you turning on the television? B: I'm going to watch the news. (I/ watch) 2. A: Oh, I've just realised. I haven't got any money. B: Haven't you? Well, don't worry. you some. (I/ lend) 3. A: I've got a headache. B: Have you? Wait there and an aspirin for you. (I/ get) 4. A: Why are you filling that bucket with water? B: the car. (I/ wash) 5. A: I've decided to repaint this room. B: Oh, have you? What colour it? (you/ paint) 6. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping? B: Yes, something for dinner. (I/ buy) 7. A: I don't know how to use this camera. B: It's quite easy. you. (I/ show) 8. A: What would you like to eat? B: a sandwich, please. (I/ have) 9. A: Did you post that letter for me? B: Oh, I'm sorry. I completely forgot. it now. (I/ do) 10. A: The ceiling in this room doesn't look very safe, does it? B: No, it looks as if down. (it/ fall) 11. A: Has George decided what to do when he leaves school? B: Oh, yes. Everything is planned. a holiday for a few weeks and then a computer programming course. (he/ have; he/do) 31
  33. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident Structure Practice 4.2 Đặt câu trong đĩ sử dụng "going to" hoặc "not going to". Ví dụ: John could watch the news or he could watch a comedy programme on TV. He is going to watch the comedy programme, so → he's not going to watch the news. 1. Peter could buy the green pullover or he could buy the blue pullover. He's going to buy the green pullover, so 2. There are two good films on. Tom and Alice could see "The Orient Express" or they could see "The Italian job". They're going to see "The Orient Express", so 3. Paul and Belinda are looking at the menu in a restaurant. They could have roast beef or they could have roast lamb. They decide they're not going to have roast lamb, so 4. Brigitte wants to go to Edinburgh. She could travel by air or she could travel by train. She's going to travel by air, so 5. The famous jockey could ride Saratoga Skiddy or he could ride Winter Fair in the big race. He's not going to ride Winter Fair, so Pronunciation Hãy đọc các từ và cụm từ sau. 1. first first of all third thirsty thirty 2. certain certainly 3. Thursday on Thursday burn 4. world round the world word work 5. learn early heard Bạn hãy viết một số từ cĩ phát âm nguyên âm [ə:]. 2C. LISTENING 1. Hãy nghe đoạn hội thoại (Unit 2. Listening). Một nhân vật trong hội thoại sẽ nghỉ làm một năm. Anh ta dự định sẽ làm những gì trong số những việc sau? a. take a big rest b. listen to the radio 32
  34. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident c. watch videos d. study biology e. walk right across Ireland f. write a novel g. play some rugby h. travel round the world i. learn karate j. get married 2. Hãy nghe lại. Bạn cĩ thể viết tất cả những việc mà anh ta dự định sẽ làm khơng? . 2D. READING Đọc đoạn văn sau và trả lời câu hỏi 14 London Road Croydon Surrey 15th June Dear Lucille, I have just received your postcard. What can I say? I’m so sorry. It’s there in my diary as clear as anything “Saturday 10th June. Staying the weekend with Tom and Lucille. Oxford.” I’m afraid I really have an excuse. I was very busy last week and I was pretty tired when I got home on Friday night. I woke late than usual on Saturday morning and I meant to check my diary, but I forgot. I really am terribly sorry. Please forgive me. Love from Julie 1. Who wrote the letter? 2. Why must the writer apologise? 3. Ask where Tom and Lucille live. 4. Answer the question. 33
  35. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident 5. How did Julie feel on Friday night? 6. Ask if she checked her diary on Saturday morning. 7. Answer the question. SUMMARY Tới lúc này bạn đã học tất cả những nội dung ghi trong phần Tĩm tắt dưới đây. Nếu chưa nắm vững phần nào, bạn hãy đọc lại phần đĩ và làm các bài tập cho đến khi đạt được các mục đích của bài học. Trong Unit 2 bạn đã luyện những vấn đề sau: 1. Chia động từ ở thì Hiện tại hồn thành. He has lost his key. 2. Cách dùng của thì Hiện tại hồn thành. My sister is a writer. She has written many books. I haven't seen George recently. Have you? We've met a lot of interesting people in the last few days. 3. Đặt câu hỏi "How long " và trả lời. How long have they been married? They have been married for 20 years. 4. Phân biệt "for" và "since" They've known each other since they were at school. They've known each other for a long time. 5. Sử dụng cấu trúc "going to ". There's a film on television tonight. Are you going to watch it? No, I'm too tired. I'm going to have an early night. What time are you going to meet Ann? 6. Phân biệt "will" và "going to ". Sue: Let's have a party. Helen: That's a great idea. We'll invite lots of people. Helen: We have decided to have a party. We're going to invite lots of people. 34
  36. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident SELF-TEST Thời gian tối đa để hồn thành bài tự kiểm tra này là 120 phút. Điểm số dành cho mỗi câu hỏi được ghi trong ngoặc ở đầu mỗi câu hỏi. Nếu trả lời đúng tất cả các câu hỏi bạn cĩ thể chuyển sang học tiếp Unit 3. Chú ý: Bạn cần tự trả lời tất cả các câu hỏi trước khi xem “Key to Self-test”. I. Write questions with "how long" and "when". (10 points) 1. It's raining. (how long?) How long has it rained? (when?) When did it start raining? 2. Kate is learning Italian. (how long/ learn?) (when/start/learn?) 3. I know Martin. (how long/know?) (when/first/meet?) 4. Bob and Alice are married. (how long?) (when?) 5. I live in Ha Noi. (how long?) (when?) II. Present Perfect or Simple Past? (20 points) 1. this book before? (Have you read/ Did you read) 2. Yes, I it last year. (have read/ read) 3. "Do you know where Alice is?" "She's at home. I her yesterday." (have seen/ saw) 4. to Alaska? (Have you ever been/ Did you ever go) 5. I to eight different schools when I was a child. (have been /went) 6. "Do you like Chaplin?" "Actually, I any of his films." (have never seen/ never saw) 7. Ann to a lot of parties this year. (has been/ went) 8. Joe his car three times since Christmas. (has crashed/ crashed) 35
  37. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident 9. The weather terrible last summer. (has been/ was) 10. This summer nice and warm. (has been/was) III. Which is correct - a, b or both a and b? (20 points) 1. this film before? a. Have you seen b. Did you see 2. to Australia? a. Have you ever been b. Did you ever go 3. I the doctor yesterday. a. have seen b. saw 4. I a lot of tennis this year. a. have played b. played 5. We've lived in this house 50 years. a. since b. for 6. Could you me where the station is? a. tell b. say 7. I always what I think. a. tell b. say 8. everything all right? a. Is b. Are 9. Could you me some sugar? a. borrow b. lend 10. Would you like dinner with me? a. to have b. have IV. Read the dialogue then answer the questions. (10 points) Angela: How did you get on in your exam? Bob: I failed. Angela: Oh, I am sorry. What are you going to do now? Bob: I'm going to take it again, of course. Angela: When are you going to take it? Bob: I'm definitely not going to take it until next year. 1. Who took the exam? 36
  38. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident 2. Ask if he passed? 3. Answer the question. 4. What is he going to take? 5. Ask if he's going to take the exam again this year. V. What are these people going to do? (10 points) 1. John and Alice are wearing tennis clothes and they have their tennis rackets. 2. Brigitte is in the bathroom. The water is running into the bath. 3. Peter is putting a new record on the record player. 4. Tom has his camera in his hand and Alice is standing in front of an old castle. She is smiling. VI. Practise beginning letters (use their first names). (10 points) Example: You have just received a postcard. Begin a letter to Lucille Jones. ("I'm so sorry") Dear Lucille, I have just received your postcard. I'm so sorry. 1. You have just seen a new film, Jungle Moon. Begin a letter to Sam Sprott, the producer. ("I think the film is marvelous.") 2. You have just read an article about prisons in The Times. Begin a letter to Maggie Priest, the writer. ("I agree with you completely.") 37
  39. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident 3. You have just heard a new record, Earth Song. Begin a letter to Chris Lackson, the drummer. ("I think the record is tremendous.") 4. You have just listened to a talk on the radio about telepathy. Begin a letter to the speaker, Professor Anderson. ("I'm sure you are right.") 5. You have just watched a programme about Bali on television. Begin a letter to Dick Jenkins, the photographer. ("I think the photography was superb.") 6. You have just read a book sent to you by your friend, Mark. Begin a letter to him. ("I found the book very interesting.") VII. Simple Present, Present Perfect or Simple Past? (10 points) 1. How long here? (do you live/ have you lived/ did you live) 2. I Mary since 1980. (know/ have known/ knew) 3. I think I her very well. (know/ have known/ knew) 4. How long that watch? (do you have/ have you had/ did you have) 5. I it last year. (buy/ have bought/ bought) 6. I in this school since February. (am/ have been/ was) VIII. Since, for or ago? (10 points) 1. We've lived in London eight years. 2. I've only known her yesterday. 3. My grandmother died three years 4. I've been working four o'clock this morning. 5. She's been a teacher eighteen years. 6. It's been raining three days. 38
  40. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident 7. I first went to Africa about seven years 8. Mary phoned a few minutes 9. I haven't seen her weeks. KEY TO DIALOGUE 1. I think Mrs. Scott is George's landlady. 2. He has spilt his coffee. 3. She has given him a cloth. 4. No, she doesn't. KEY TO STRUCTURE Structure Practice 1.1 1. Good morning. I wonder if you can help me. I've lost my mobile phone. 2. Good morning. I wonder if you can help me. I've forgotten my receipt. 3. Good morning. I wonder if you can help me. I've forgotten my invitation. 4. Good morning. I wonder if you can help me. I've broken my glasses. 5. Good morning. I wonder if you can help me. I've lost my ticket. 6. Good morning. I wonder if you can help me. I've left my handbag inside. Structure Practice 1.2 1. Have you looked in all your pockets? 2. Have you seen your dentist? 3. Have you reported it to the post office? 4. Have you asked at the police station? 5. Have you looked in the refrigerator? 6. Have you been to your doctor? 7. Have you looked in your telephone directory? 8. Have you taken an aspirin? Structure Practice 2.1 2. How long have you taught English? 3. How long have you known Carol? 4. How long has your brother been in Australia? 5. How long have you had that jacket? 6. How long has Alan worked at the informatics company ? 39
  41. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident 7. How long have you been having driving lessons? 8. How long have you lived in Glasgow? Structure Practice 2.2 (Câu trả lời phụ thuộc vào bạn.) Structure Practice 3.1 (Câu trả lời tuỳ thuộc vào thời điểm bạn làm bài tập.) Structure practice 3.2 2. for 3. for 4. since 5. since 6. for 7. for 8. since Structure Practice 4.1 2. I'll lend 3. I'll get 4. I'm going to wash 5. are you going to paint 6. I'm going to buy 7. I'll show 8. I'll have 9. I'll do 10. it is going to fall 11. He's going to have he's going to do Structure Practice 4.2 1. He's going to buy the green pullover, so he's not going to buy the blue pullover. 2. They're going to see "The Orient Express", so they're not going to see "The Italian job". 3. They're not going to have roast lamb, so they're going to have roast beef. 4. She's going to travel by air, so she's not going to travel by train. 5. He's not going to ride Winter Fair, so he's going to ride Saratoga Skiddy. KEY TO LISTENING Tapescript - I'm taking a year off next year. - Yes? Lucky you. Can you afford it? - Well, one of my uncles died last year and left me some money. So I'm going to buy some free time. - Oh, great. What are you going to do? - Oh, lots of things. First of all I'm going to take a big rest. Read my books, listen to music, watch some of my videos, that sort of thing. Then I'm going to do all the things I've always wanted to do. I'm going to learn Chinese, study astronomy, start playing the violin again, walk right across Scotland, take up skiing, write a novel, play some football. 40
  42. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident - Yes, well, I hope you have a good time. One year, you said? - No, that's just the spring. Then in summer I'm going to travel round the world, learn karate, 1. a c f h. i 2. The man is going to: - take a big rest - read books - listen to music - watch some videos - do all the things he has always wanted to do - learn Chinese - study astronomy - start playing the violin again - walk right across Scotland - take up skiing - write a novel - play some football - travel round the world - learn karate KEY TO READING 1. Yes 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. No 5. Yes 6. Yes 7. No 8. Yes KEY TO SELF-TEST I. 2. How long has she learned Italian? When did she start learning Italian? 3. How long have you known him/ Martin? When did you first meet him/ Martin? 4. How long have they been married? When did they get married? (When did they marry? is possible but less usual) 5. How long have you lived in Hanoi? When did you live in Hanoi? II. 1. Have you read 2. read 3. saw 4. Have you ever been 5. went 6. have never seen 7. has been 8. has crashed 9. was 10. has been III. 1a 2a 3b 4a 5b 6a 7b 8a 9b 10a 41
  43. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident IV. 1. Bob took the exam. 2. Did he pass the exam? 3. No, he didn't. 4. He is going to take the exam again. 5. Is he going to take the exam again this year? V. 1. They are going to play tennis. 2. She is going to have a bath. 3. He is going to listen to music/ listen to the record. 4. They are going to take photographs. VI. 1. Dear Sam, I have just seen your new film. I think the film is marvelous. 2. Dear Maggie, I have just read your article about prisons in The Times. I agree with you completely. 3. Dear Chris, I have just heard your new record, Earth Song. I think the record is tremendous. 4. Dear Anderson, I have just listened to your talk on the radio about telepathy. I’m sure you are right. 5. Dear Dick, I have just watched your programme about Bali on television. I think the photography was superb. 6. Dear Mark, I have just read the book you sent. I found the book very interesting. VII. 1. have you lived 2. have known 3. know 4. have you had 5. bought 6. have been VIII. 1. for 2. since 3. ago 4. since 5. for 6. for 7. ago 8. ago 9. for 42
  44. Unit 2: I’m afraid I’ve an accident VOCABULARY Bạn nên tham khảo bảng từ vựng thường xuyên trong quá trình học, khơng chỉ riêng bài này mà tất cả các bài khác để tăng vốn từ vựng tiếng Anh. astronomy [əs'trɔnəmi] n thiên văn học bucket ['bʌkit] n cái xơ card [kɑ:d] n thẻ castle ['kɑ:sl] n lâu đài cloth [klɔθ] n vải, tấm vải come out v xuất hiện, được biết đến comedy ['kɔmidi] n hài kịch, phim hài completely [kəm'pli:tli] adv một cách hồn tồn definitely ['definitli] adv một cách rõ ràng drummer ['drʌmə] n nhạc cơng chơi trống karate [kə'rɑ:ti] n mơn võ karate marvelous ['mɑ:vələs] adj tuyệt diệu, tuyệt vời never mind expr đừng bận tâm, đừng chú ý plaster ['plɑ:stə] n thạch cao prison ['prizn] n nhà tù producer [prə'dju:sə] n nhà sản xuất racket ['rỉkit] n cái vợt (chơi tennis, bĩng bàn) receipt [ri'si:t] n biên lai rugby ['rʌgbi] n mơn bĩng bầu dục spill [spil] v làm tràn, làm đổ superb [su:'pə:b] adj nguy nga, tuyệt vời, thượng hạng take up v tiếp tục telepathy [ti'lepəθi] n thần giao cách cảm, ngoại cảm tremendous [tri'mendəs] adj to lớn, khủng khiếp, khác thường 43
  45. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly UNIT 3. PLEASE SPEAK MORE SLOWLY INTRODUCTION Bây giờ bạn bắt đầu học bài 3. Trong bài này bạn sẽ luyện động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ "to" chỉ mục đích, mẫu câu diễn đạt về sức khỏe, lời khuyên và động từ dạng thức mệnh lệnh. Bây giờ bạn hãy xem phần mục đích của bài. UNIT OBJECTIVES Phần mục đích bài học giúp bạn biết cụ thể những kiến thức sẽ học trong bài 3. Phần tĩm tắt và tự kiểm tra cuối bài được sắp xếp theo trình tự của những mục đích bài học. Bạn cần cố gắng đạt được các mục đích của bài học và nên thường xuyên xem lại phần mục đích này trong bài. Học xong bài 3 bạn đã cĩ thể: 1. Nĩi về tình trạng sức khỏe. 2. Hỏi thăm sức khỏe. 3. Đưa ra lời khuyên về vấn đề sức khỏe. 4. Thành lập câu sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ "to" chỉ mục đích. 5. Biết cách trả lời câu hỏi sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ "to". 6. Đưa ra lời khuyên. 7. Đặt câu mệnh lệnh thức. 3A. DIALOGUE Trước hết bạn hãy nghe bài hội thoại (Unit 3. Dialogue). Đây là đoạn hội thoại giữa một chàng trai và một cơ gái. Họ đang hỏi thăm sức khoẻ của nhau. Hãy nghe và nhắc lại theo từng câu mà bạn nghe thấy, sau đĩ đọc hội thoại 3 lần. Woman: Good morning Mr. Culham. How are you? Man: I feel ill. Woman: I am sorry. What's the matter? 44
  46. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly Man: My eyes hurt, and I have got a bad headache. Woman: Oh, I hope you aren't catching flu. Why don't you take an aspirin? Man: That's a good idea. Bạn đã hồn thành phần nghe và nĩi đầu tiên của bài, hãy chuyển sang phần thực hành hội thoại. Dialogue Practice 1 Ta thấy trong bài cĩ sử dụng cấu trúc câu nĩi về bệnh tật như sau: S + feel + ill S + hurt S + have got + Noun / a + Noun (Chủ ngữ + động từ feel + tính từ ill) (Chủ ngữ + động từ hurt) (Chủ ngữ + động từ have got + danh từ chỉ bệnh tật hoặc quán từ a và danh từ bệnh tật) Ví dụ: My leg hurts I have got a cold. Người Anh khi gặp nhau thường chào hỏi và hỏi thăm sức khoẻ của nhau. Những câu thường gặp là: How are you? Khi thấy bạn cĩ vẻ khơng khoẻ thì ta hỏi: What's the matter? Bây giờ bạn hãy đọc cẩn thận đoạn hội thoại dưới đây. John: Good afternoon, Jane. How are you? Jane: I feel ill. John: Oh! I am sorry. What's the matter? Jane: My feet hurt, and I have got a temperature. John: Oh! I hope you aren't catching flu. Why don't you go to the doctor? 45
  47. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly Bạn đọc đi đọc lại nhiều lần, đọc đúng ngữ điệu, cố gắng nhớ cấu trúc câu trên khơng cần nhìn sách. Nếu từ nào chưa biết bạn hãy tra nghĩa ở bảng từ vựng cuối bài. Dialogue Practice 2 Bạn hãy sử dụng những từ cho dưới đây để diễn đạt bạn bị đau ốm như thế nào và đưa ra lời gợi ý. Ví dụ: My hand hurts. Why don't you see the doctor? 1. a cold. Why ? /go to see the doctor/ 2. a temperature. Why ? /take an aspirin/ 3. My hand Why ? /go home and lie down/ 4. a headache. Why ? /go to the doctor/ 5. toothache. Why ?. /see the dentist/ 6. My eyes Why ? /see the doctor/ 7. My knee Why ? /go home and lie down/ 8. flu. Why ? /take an aspirin/ 9. My arm Why ? /go to the doctor/ 10. My head Why ? /go to hospital/ Dialogue Practice 3 Bây giờ bạn hãy điền đủ lời đối thoại sau: 1. A: I've got a cold. 46
  48. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly B: medicine? 2. A: How are you? B: ill. A: doctor? 3. A: bad headache. B: aspirin? 4. A: What's the problem? B: eyes A: wear glasses? B: idea! 5. A: temperature? B: No, I don't think so. 3B. STRUCTURE Trong bài này chúng ta gặp cấu trúc câu cĩ sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ "to". Trước hết hãy đọc một số câu sau đây rồi lưu ý các cấu trúc: Mr. Andrews is an English tourist who is travelling to Eastern Europe tomorrow. Just now he's having breakfast at home. After breakfast he's going out to do a lot of things. (For example, he's going to Harrods to buy a suitcase). - to + verb: to buy / to have / to see - for + noun: for some bread / for dinner / for a holiday - money / time to do something Ví dụ: He went to the shop to buy some bread. Anh ấy đi ra cửa hàng để mua một ít bánh mỳ. We need some money to buy food. Chúng tơi cần một ít tiền để mua thực phẩm. I haven't got time to watch TV. Tơi khơng cĩ thì giờ để xem truyền hình. Note: Cấu trúc chỉ mục đích thường trả lời câu hỏi Why? (tại sao), What for? (để làm gì). Structure Practice 1 Bạn hãy viết câu với: I went to the to , sử dụng các từ gợi ý dưới đây. 47
  49. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly get some medicine meet a friend get a visa buy a newspaper get some money buy some food buy some books catch the train borrow some books post letters Ví dụ: I went to the bus stop to catch a bus. 1. (the station) 2. (the bank) 3. (the supermarket) 4. (the post office) 5. (the café) 6. (the book shop) 7. (the newsagent's) 8. (the library) 9. (the embassy) 10. (the chemist's) Structure Practice 2 Hãy kết thúc câu bằng phần cuối đúng nhất. to open the door to watch the news to see the pyramids to see who it was to let some fresh air into the room to tell him about the party to read the newspaper to wake them up to get some petrol to clean it 1. I turned on the television 2. She sat down in an armchair 3. Do I need a key ? 4. The house is dirty but they don't have time 48
  50. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 5. She opened the window 6. I knocked on their bedroom door 7. We stopped at a petrol station 8. A lot of people go to Egypt 9. I phoned Tom 10. The doorbell rang, so I looked out of the window Structure Practice 3 Bạn hãy viết "to hoặc for" vào chỗ trống sao cho thích hợp. 1. She went to the shop buy some bread. 2. We stopped at a petrol station some petrol. 3. I'm going to walk home. I haven't got any money a taxi. 4. We went to a restaurant have dinner. 5. He wants to go to university study economics. 6. I'm going to London visit a friend of mine. 7. I'm going to London an interview next week. 8. I got up late this morning. I didn't have time wash. 9. Everybody needs money live. 10. The office is very small. There's space only a table and a chair. 3C. LISTENING Listening Practice 1 Đây là một vài lời khuyên về mơn thể thao chạy. Bạn hãy thử xác định xem lời khuyên nào đúng, sai. Nếu bạn cho là đúng thì bạn gạch chân dưới chữ T, sai thì gạch chân dưới chữ chữ F. 1. Wear good running shoes. T / F 2. Run early in the morning. It's better. T / F 3. Wear comfortable clothing. T / F 4. Always warm up before you run. T / F 5. Always run with somebody - never run alone. T / F 6. Rest every ten minutes or so. T / F 7. Walk for a few minutes after you finish. T / F 8. Don't run if you feel tired. T / F 49
  51. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 9. Don't run until two hours after eating. T / F 10. Never drink water while you are running. T / F 11. Don't run if you have got a cold. T / F 12. Don't run fast downhill. T / F 13. Don't run if you are over 50. T / F 14. Don't run on roads in fog. T / F Listening Practice 2 Trước tiên bạn hãy đọc các cụm từ sau: a good / bad idea not true a good piece of advice you should / shouldn't I don't think it matters it's up to you your own choice Bây giờ hãy nghe hai người Anh đang khuyên bạn về mơn thể thao chạy (Unit 3. Listening). Bạn hãy nghe đi nghe lại nhiều lần, đánh dấu (+) vào ơ họ khuyên nên làm (should), khơng nên làm (shouldn't) hay cũng được (all right). Dưới đây là từ ngữ gợi ý cho bạn. Speaker Should Shouldn't All right Speaker 1: 1. wear good running shoes 2 run early in the moring 3. wear comfortable clothing 4. warm up before you run 5. run with somebody or alone 6. rest every ten minutes 7. walk for a bit after you've run 8. run if you feel tired 9 run if you've got a cold 10. run fast downhill 50
  52. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 11. run if you're over fifty 12. run in fog Speaker 2: 13. wear good shoes 14. the time of day you run 15. wear comfortable clothing 16. warm up before you run 17. walk for a few minutes after you finish 18. run on roads in fog 19. run until two hours after eating 20. drink while you are actually running 21. rest every ten minutes 22. run if you are over fifty 3D. READING Bạn hãy đọc bài đọc sau, gạch dưới những từ chỉ mệnh lệnh trong đoạn đầu tiên (Sit down to a story). Sit down, children. Time for your story. Are you all sitting comfortably? Good. Then I'll begin. Once upon a time, long long ago, there was a beautiful girl who lived with her mother and father in a small village. She - don't do that, George - she worked very hard on her father's farm looking after the cows - George, stop that! Mary, sit down at once - looking after the cows and the horses and the sheep. No, Sally, you are not a sweet little baby baa-lamb. You are a nice sensible little girl who is listening to a story. Every day - Bill, take that out of your mouth - she got up very early and milked the cows - don't make that stupid noise, Alice, please. Then she cleaned the house, and fed the animals, and made breakfast - Don't do that, George - breakfast for her mother and father. One day, while she was cleaning the kitchen, she looked out of the window, and she saw - what do you think she saw, children? No, George, not Superman. No, Sylvia, not Mickey Mouse. Now don't be stupid, children. Think. What do you think she saw? James Bond, Louisa? Really! Sit down, please, Mary, and you, Celia, George Reading Practice 1 Bạn hãy đặt những từ ngữ sao cho phù hợp với mỗi bức tranh dưới đây. Please hurry, darling. Don't worry. Take your time, darling. 51
  53. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly Wait here, please. Look. Please come in. Follow me, please. Be careful, dear. Look out! 52
  54. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 53
  55. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly Note 1: Cĩ thể dùng động từ nguyên dạng khơng cĩ "to" để yêu cầu ai đĩ làm việc gì. Đối tượng là ngơi thứ 2 số ít hay số nhiều (câu thường ẩn chủ từ). Ví dụ: Read the text, please. Note 2: Cĩ thể dùng "let us" hoặc "let's" + động từ nguyên dạng để yêu cầu, đề nghị cùng tham gia hành động. Ví dụ: Let's have a party this evening. Reading Practice 2 Bạn hãy yêu cầu người khác thực hiện các hành động sau (dùng từ gợi ý trong khung). the TV your friend the records to him the fire the key the letter in the envelope your shoes my iron the new pullover to the shop your the book to the sweater library Ví dụ: Turn off the light, please! Bạn hãy tắt đèn đi! You can take my umbrella, but please bring it back! Bạn cĩ thể mượn ơ nhưng xin bạn hãy mang trả lại tơi! 1. Take off , please! 2. Put on , please! 3. Ring up , please! 4. Pick up , please! 5. Put down , please! 6. Bring back , please! 7. Take back , please! 8. Give back , please! 9. Turn on , please! 10. Turn off , please! 11. Put back , please! Reading Practice 3 Bây giờ bạn hãy yêu cầu người khác khơng được, hay đừng làm việc gì bằng cấu trúc: “don't + V (infinitive)”. 54
  56. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly Ví dụ: Don't turn off the radio, I want to listen to the news. Bằng những từ gợi ý sau, bạn hãy hồn thành nốt câu. the radio the TV the door the window the grass this apple out the dentist me his money 1. turn off I want to listen to the news. 2. turn on I don't want to watch it. 3. open It is rather cold in the room. 4. walk on We are in the park now. 5. eat It is very dirty. 6. go It is raining. 7. go He's out. 8. close It is dark in the room. 9. phone I'm very busy. 10. borrow He hasn't got any money. Bạn hãy kiểm tra lại câu trả lời trong phần Key to Reading, sau đĩ đọc to và trơi chảy từng câu trong bài đọc. Bạn đã học xong các cấu trúc ngữ pháp và làm bài tập của Unit 3. Bạn cĩ thể nghỉ giải lao. Sau đĩ bạn hãy đọc phần Summary và xem lại phần Unit objectives để ơn lại tồn bài. Tiếp theo bạn hãy làm bài Self-test. SUMMARY Tới lúc này bạn đã học tất cả những nội dung ghi trong phần tĩm tắt dưới đây. Nếu chưa nắm vững phần nào, bạn hãy đọc lại phần đĩ và làm các bài tập cho đến khi bạn đạt được các mục đích của bài học. Học xong bài này bạn cĩ thể: 1. Nĩi về vấn đề sức khỏe. I feel ill. I have got a cold. 2. Hỏi thăm sức khỏe. What's the matter? What's the problem? 3. Khuyên bạn về vấn đề sức khỏe. Why don't you go to the doctor? 55
  57. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 4. Sử dụng động từ nguyên mẫu cĩ "to" chỉ mục đích trong câu trần thuật và câu hỏi. Why do you go to the bookshop? (hoặc: What do you go to the bookshop for?) I go to the bookshop to buy some books. Trả lời ngắn: To buy some books. 5. Đưa ra lời khuyên. Don't run if you have got a cold. 6. Luyện đặt câu dùng động từ ở dạng thức mệnh lệnh. It's going to rain. Hurry please! Turn on the radio. I want to listen to music. Don't walk on the grass. SELF-TEST Bây giờ bạn hãy làm bài kiểm tra. Thời gian tối đa dành cho bài kiểm tra này là 120 phút. Điểm dành cho mỗi câu hỏi được ghi trong ngoặc ở đầu mỗi câu. Nếu bạn trả lời đúng tất cả các câu hỏi của bài tự kiểm tra, tức là bạn đã đạt được các mục đích của bài học và bạn cĩ thể chuyển sang bài tiếp theo. I. Complete the diaglogue. (10 points) Tom: John; How ? John: feel ; have got Tom: Oh! Why the doctor? John: But I don't want go doctor. Tom: Oh! aspirin. John: you. Good bye. Tom: II. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use one of these words in the box. (10 points) you for must you opened picked had like with crow me fell once sing saw A crow stole a piece of cheese. She flew (1) it to a tree. A fox (2) the crow. The fox wanted the piece of cheese (3) himself. He began to praise the (4). He said, "What fine black feathers (5) have! Your voice (6) 56
  58. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly be fine, too! I would (7) to hear (8) sing. Please sing (9) a song." The foolish crow was very pleased. She (10) her mouth to (11). The piece of cheese (12) to the ground. The silly fox (13) it up at (14). He ran away quite delighted. His trick (15) succeeded. III. Why are you learning English? Use the following phrases to answer the questions using to / because. (20 points) Example: Read English books We are learning English to read English books. 1. Read English literature. 2. Travel to English-speaking countries. 3. Do business in English. 4. Use English for international communication. 5. We like the language. 6. We have to learn it at school. 7. It is necessary for our work. 8. Understand songs and films in English. 9. Travel to Australia. 10. Write a letter to our English friends. IV. Complete these sentences. (20 points) Example: Why shoe shop? I some shoes. Why do you go to the shoe shop? I go to the shoe shop to buy some shoes. 57
  59. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 1. Why school? I study. 2. Why bookshop? I books. 3. Why . post office? I letters. 4. Why airport? I a plane. 5. Why bank? I money. 6. Why embassy? I visa. 7. Why restaurant? I a meal. 8. Why grocer’s? I some food. 9. Why zoo? I interesting animals. 10. Why café? I a drink. V. Read the passage. Underline the verbs that are in imperative form. Then translate the text into Vietnamese. (15 points) New York, New York! Spend two weeks in exciting New York City. Theatre, dance, opera, museums, Winner takes all! Come to Las Vegas and try your luck. When you are tired of winning at the casino, relax by the pool or go to watch a fabulous show White water magic: If you are a confirmed sportsman or sportswoman, spend an exciting two weeks with us canoeing in the beautiful Rocky Mountains Float along: Enjoy beautiful Texas scenery and wildlife while relaxing on a raft floating down the Rio Grande. A photographer's delight! Comfortable tent accommodation at night VI. Chose one of these phrases to complete sentences. (10 points) look out come in look don't worry wait here follow me be careful please hurry take your time don't drive 1. , there are eggs in that box. 2. , everything's all right. 3. and sit down, Mr Pearson. What can I do for you? 4. , my plane is at four o'clock, and it's 3.15 now. 5. , please, your seats are right over there. 58
  60. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 6. ! There’s your brother over there. 7. ! There’s a car coming. 8. Ms. Wilsdom is busy at the moment. Could you , please? 9. “I'm terribly sorry!” “That's all right. I'm not in a hurry. !” 10 fast in fog. VII. Translate these sentences into English. (10 points) 1. Tơi sẽ đi Hải Phịng để thăm bố mẹ. 2. Anh chị hãy học tập chăm chỉ hơn. 3. - Chào bạn, hơm nay bạn cĩ khoẻ khơng? - Cám ơn, mình khơng được khoẻ lắm. Mình nghĩ mình sẽ bị ốm mất vì mình thấy mệt kinh khủng. - Sao bạn khơng đến bác sỹ nhỉ? 4. Tơi khơng cịn con tem nào cả. Tơi sẽ ra bưu điện để mua vài chiếc. 5. Lúc này ơng giám đốc Wilsdom đang bận, anh chờ một lát được khơng? KEY TO DIALOGUE Dialogue Practice 1 1. I have got a cold. Why don't you go to see the doctor? 2. I've got a temperature. Why don't you take an aspirin? 3. My hand hurts. Why don't you go home and lie down. 4. I've got a headache. Why don't you go to the doctor? 5. I've got a toothache. Why don't you go to see the dentist? 6. My eyes hurt. Why don't you go to see the doctor? 7. My knee hurts. Why don't you go home and lie down? 8. I've got flu. Why don't you take an aspirin? 9. My arm hurts. Why don't you go to the doctor? 59
  61. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 10. My head hurts. Why don't you go to hospital? Dialogue Practice 2 1. B: Why don't you take some medicine? 2. B: I feel ill. A: Why don't you go to the doctor? 3. A: I've got a bad headache. B: Why don't you take an aspirin? 4. B: My eyes hurt. A: Why don't you wear glasses? B: That's a good idea! 5. A: Have you got a temperature? KEY TO STRUCTURE Structure Practice 1 1. I went to the station to catch the train. 2. I went to the bank to get some money. 3. I went to the supermarket to buy some food. 4. I went to the post office to post letters. 5. I went to the café to meet a friend. 6. I went to the book shop to buy some books. 7. I went to the newsagents' to buy a newspaper. 8. I went to the library to borrow some books. 9. I went to the embassy to get a visa. 10. I went to the chemist's to buy some medicine. Structure Practice 2 1. I turned on the TV to watch the news. 2. She sat down in an armchair to read the newspaper. 3. Do I need a key to open the door? 4. The house is dirty but they don't have time to clean it. 5. She opened the window to let some fresh air into the room. 6. I knocked on their bedroom door to wake them up. 7. We stopped at the petrol station to get some petrol. 60
  62. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 8. A lot of people go to Egypt to see the pyramids. 9. I phoned Tom to tell him about the party. 10. The doorbell rang, so I looked out of the window to see who it was. Structure Practice 3 1. to 2. for 3. for 4. to 5. to 6. to 7. for 8. to 9. to 10. for KEY TO LISTENING Tapescript Speaker 1: Erm, I think you should wear good running shoes. Erm, I don't think it matters if you run early in the morning on whatever time of day. I think you should wear comfortable clothing. You should warm up before you run. Erm, it's up to you whether you run with somebody or alone. Erm, definitely I don't think you should rest every ten minutes. I think you should walk for a bit after you've run, after you've finished. Erm, I think it's bad advice not to run if you feel tired; erm, bad advice not to drink water when you're running. Erm, I think don’t run till two hours after eating is good advice. Erm, I don't think it matters if you run when you've got a cold or not. I think it's good advice not to run fast downhill. Erm, I think it's bad advice not to run if you're over fifty; and I think it's good advice not to run in fog. Speaker 2: I think it's very good idea to wear good running shoes. I think running, the time of day you run would be your own personal choice. If I go through the good advice, perhaps, I think wear comfortable clothing, warm up before you run, walk for a few minutes after you finish, erm, and certainly don't run on roads in fog. And I think don't run until two hours after eating's a good piece of advice as well. I think the idea about drinking water is that you shouldn't drink while you're actually running, erm, because you are very hot, and it’s better to wait until after you finish running to drink. As far as, I don't know exactly about some of the advice, like whether you have a cold or feel tired, erm, but certainly I think it's a bad idea to rest every ten minutes or so and it's certainly not true to say that you can't run if you are over fifty. Listening Practice 1 (according to the teacher) 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F 11. T 12. F 13. F 14. T Listening Practice 2 1. Should 8. Should 15. Should 2. All right 9. All right 16. Should 3. Should 10. Should 17. Should 4. Should 11. Should 18. Shouldn't 5. All right 12. Shouldn't 19. Should 61
  63. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 6. Shouldn't 13. Should 20. Shouldn't 7. Should 14. All right 21. Shouldn't 22. Should KEY TO READING 1. sit down 2. don't do 3. stop 4. sit down Reading Practice 1 1. Look out. 6. Be careful, dear. 2. Wait here, please. 7. Don’t worry. 3. Please come in. 8. Please hurry, darling. 4. Follow me, please. 9. Take your time, darling. 5. Look. Reading Practice 2 1. your shoes 7. the new pullover to the shop 2. your sweater 8. the records to him 3. your friend 9. the TV 4. the key 10. the fire 5. my iron 11. the letter in the envelope 6. the book to the library Reading Practice 3 1. Don't turn off the radio. 2. Don't turn on the TV. 3. Don't open the door. 4. Don't walk on the grass. 5. Don't eat this apple. 6. Don't go out. 7. Don't go to the dentist. 8. Don't close the window. 9. Don't phone me. 10. Don't borrow his money. 62
  64. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly KEY TO SELF-TEST I. Tom: Hello John. How are you? John: I feel ill. I have got a bad headache. Tom: Oh! I am sorry. Why don't you go to the doctor? John: But I don't want to go to the doctor. Tom: Oh! Take an aspirin. John: Thank you, good bye. Tom: Good bye. II. 1. with 5. you 9. me 13. picked 2. saw 6. must 10. opened 14. once 3. for 7. like 11. sing 15. had 4. crow 8. you 12. fell III. 1. We are learning English to read English literature. 2. We are learning English to travel to English-speaking countries. 3. We are learning English to do business in English. 4. We are learning English to use English for international communications. 5. We are learning English because we like the language. 6. We are learning English because we have to learn it at school. 7. We are learning English because it is necessary for our work. 8. We are learning English to understand songs and films in English. 9. We are learning English to travel to Australia. 10. We are learning English to write letters to our English friends. IV. 1. Why do you go to school? I go to school to study. 2. Why do you go to the bookshop? I go to the bookshop to buy some books. 3. Why do you go to the post office? I go to the post office to post letters. 4. Why do you go to the airport? I go to the airport to catch a plane. 5. Why do you go to the bank? I go to the bank to get some money. 6. Why do you go to the embassy? I go to the embassy to get a visa. 63
  65. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly 7. Why do you go to the restaurant? I go to the restaurant to have a meal. 8. Why do you go to the grocer's? I go to the grocer's to buy some food. 9. Why do you go to the zoo? I go to the zoo to see interesting animals. 10. Why do you go to the café? I go to the café to have a drink. V. spend; come; try; relax; go; enjoy New York, New York! Các bạn hãy dành hai tuần ở thành phố New York sơi động. Nhà hát, khiêu vũ, opera, viện bảo tàng Người thắng được tất cả! Các bạn hãy đến Lasvegas và hãy thử vận may. Khi các bạn mệt mỏi, hoặc thắng ở sịng bạc, bạn hãy thư giãn bên bể bơi hoặc đi xem một buổi biểu diễn tuyệt hảo Sự lơi cuốn của dịng nước trắng: Nếu bạn là một người chơi thể thao kiên định, bạn hãy dành ra hai tuần bơi xuồng sơi động cùng với chúng tơi ở Mountain Rocky xinh đẹp Trơi xuơi dịng: Bạn hãy vui thích với phong cảnh Texas xinh đẹp và cuộc sống hoang dã khi thư giãn trên một bè gỗ trơi nổi xuơi dịng Grand Reo. Một sự vui thích dành cho nhà nhiếp ảnh! Lều nghỉ đêm tiện lợi VI. 1. Be careful 5. Follow me 9. Take your time 2. Don't worry 6. Look 10. Don't drive 3. Come in 7. Look out 4. Please hurry 8. Wait here VII. 1. I am going to Hai Phong City to see my parents. 2. Please study (work) harder! 3. - Good morning! How are you? - Thank you, I am not very well, I think I am going to be sick because I feel terribly tired. - Why don't you go to the doctor? 4. I haven't got any stamps. I am going to the post office to buy some. 5. The director is busy at the moment. Could you wait a moment, please? VOCABULARY canoeing n bơi xuồng 64
  66. Unit 3: Please speak more slowly casino [kə'si:nou] n sịng bạc communication [kə,mju:ni'kei∫n] n sự giao tiếp, truyền đạt, thơng tin confirm [kən'fə:m] v xác nhận, chứng thực cow [kau] n trâu bị cái, voi cái delight [di'lait] v,n làm vui thích, sự vui thích downhill ['daunhil] adv xuống dốc economics [,i:kə'nɔmiks] n kinh tế học embassy ['embəsi] n đại sứ fabulous ['fỉbjuləs] adj tuyệt hảo, thần thoại, kinh hồng float [flout] v nổi, trơi bồng bềnh fog [fɔg] n sương mù frown [fraun] v cau mày hurt [hə:t] v đau, làm đau lie down v nằm nghỉ literature ['litrət∫ə] n văn chương, văn học look out v coi chừng, chú ý magic ['mỉdʒik] n ma thuật, ảo thuật, sự lơi cuốn moth [mɔθ] n con mọt personal choice [t∫ɔis] n sự lựa chọn cá nhân pyramid ['pirəmid] n kim tự tháp raft [rɑ:ft] n bè gỗ relax [ri'lỉks] v thư giãn scenery ['si:nəri] n phong cảnh sportsman ['spɔ:tsmən] n vận động viên nam sportswoman ['spɔ:ts,wumən] n vận động viên nữ superman ['su:pəmỉn] n siêu nhân upon [ə'pɔn] prep trên, ở trên warm up ['wɔ:mʌp] v làm ấm lên 65
  67. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? UNIT 4. ARE YOU SURE YOU'LL BE ALL RIGHT? INTRODUCTION Phần mục đích bài học giúp bạn biết cụ thể những gì bạn sẽ học trong bài. Phần tĩm tắt và tự kiểm tra cuối bài được sắp xếp theo trình tự của những mục đích bài học. Bạn cần cố gắng đạt được các mục đích của bài học và thường xuyên xem lại phần mục đích này trong khi học bài. Bây giờ bạn hãy xem phần Mục đích của Bài 4. UNIT OBJECTIVES Học xong Bài 4 bạn đã cĩ thể: 1. Biết được cấu trúc câu dùng động từ tương lai đơn. 2. Sử dụng động từ thì tương lai đơn. 3. Làm quen với cấu trúc câu điều kiện cĩ thực, sử dụng “will”. 4. Luyện sử dụng trạng từ cĩ tận cùng là “ly”. 4A. DIALOGUE Trước hết bạn hãy nghe một đoạn hội thoại (Unit 4. Dialogue). Trong đoạn hội thoại này cĩ sử dụng cấu trúc câu dùng động từ tương lai đơn. Bạn hãy nghe và nhắc lại từng câu ít nhất 3 lần. Đừng lo lắng nếu như trong khi nghe bạn chưa hiểu tất cả các từ. A: I'm going to hitch hike round the world. B: Oh, that's very dangerous. A: No, it isn't. I'll be all right. B: Where will you sleep? A: Oh. I don't know. In youth hostels. Cheap hotels. B: You'll get lost. A: No, I won't. B: You won't get lifts. A: Yes, I will. B: What will you do for money? 66
  68. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? A: I'll take money with me. B: You haven't got enough. A: If I need money, I'll find jobs. B: Well Are you sure you'll be all right? A: Of course. I'll be all right. Khi đã nghe và nhắc lại được theo bài, bạn hãy chuyển sang phần thực hành hội thoại. Ta thấy trong bài cĩ sử dụng một cấu trúc ngữ pháp, đĩ là thì tương lai đơn. Cấu trúc của động từ tương lai đơn thể hiện như sau: S + will + Verb (infinitive) (Chủ ngữ + will + động từ nguyên mẫu) S + will not (won't) + Verb (infinitive) (Chủ ngữ + will not (won't) + động từ nguyên mẫu) Will + S + Verb (infinitive)? (Will + chủ ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu?) Bây giờ ta chia động từ "to work". Khẳng định Phủ định Nghi vấn I will (I'll) work Will I work? I will not (I won't) work You will (you'll) work Will you work? You will not (won't) work He will (he'll) work Will he work? He will not (won't) work She will (she'll) work Will she work? She will not (won't) work It will (it'll) work Will it work? It will not (won't) work We will (we'll) work Will we work? We will not (won't) work You will (you'll) work Will you work? You will not (won't) work They will (they'll) work Will they work? They will not (won't) work Dưới đây là một số ví dụ thì tương lai đơn. I will lend you some money. (Câu khẳng định) (Tơi sẽ cho anh mượn một ít tiền.) 67
  69. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? He will not lend you money. (Câu phủ định) (Hắn sẽ khơng cho anh mượn tiền đâu.) Will they go to school after breakfast? (Câu nghi vấn) (Chúng sẽ đi học sau bữa sáng chứ?) Note 1: Câu trả lời cho câu hỏi dạng đảo cĩ 2 khả năng: cĩ hoặc khơng. Will they come? Ta cĩ thể trả lời như sau: Yes, they will. / No, they won't. Cách dùng: Động từ tương lai đơn dùng để: - Chỉ tương lai đơn thuần He will be seven years old this Friday. Tomorrow will be Sunday. - Chỉ khả năng It will be warmer tomorrow. - Chỉ dự định I will move to a quieter neighbourhood. - “I think I'll ” (Tơi nghĩ rằng tơi sẽ ) hay “I don't think I'll ” (Tơi khơng nghĩ rằng tơi sẽ ) thường được dùng để đưa ra một quyết định. I think I'll stay at home this evening. I don't think I'll go out tonight. I am too tired. - “Will, shall” thường được dùng trong các tình huống sau: + Ngỏ ý muốn làm gì giúp ai That bag looks very heavy. I'll help you with it. + Hứa hẹn làm điều gì Thank you for lending me the money. I’ll pay you back on Friday. + Yêu cầu ai làm điều gì Will you open the window, please? + Xin phép ai làm gì Shall I open the window? Note 2: “Will" cĩ thể dùng với tất cả các ngơi trong câu khẳng định. Nhưng đối với những câu gợi ý, đề nghị, yêu cầu thì ở ngơi “I, we” ta dùng "shall”. Shall I open the window? Where shall we go this evening? 68
  70. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? Dialogue Practice 1 Bây giờ bạn hãy xem lại bài hội thoại và hãy viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc tương lai đơn thứ tự từ trên xuống. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Dialogue Practice 2 Sau khi làm xong bài luyện 1 bạn hãy trả lời câu hỏi sau: 1. Where are you going? 2. Is that very dangerous? 3. Will you sleep in cheap hotels? 4. Will you get lifts? 5. What will you do for money? 6. What will you do if you need money? 7. Will you be all right? 69
  71. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? Dialogue Practice 3 Bây giờ bạn hãy hồn thành các câu trong hội thoại này rồi thực hành nĩi. 1. A: I'm going to be a racing driver. B: (dangerous) A: (isn't / all right) B: (crash /get killed) A: (won't) B: (find a job) A: (will / good driver) B: (sure all right?) A: (course) 2. A: I'm going to be a doctor. B: (have to study seven years) A: (know / I don't mind) B: (not finish your studies) A: (will) B: (have a really hard life) A: (interesting) B: (have to work very long hours) A: (know / don't mind) B: OK. If that's what you want. A: (is) 4B. STRUCTURE Trong bài này chúng ta hãy luyện tập động từ tương lai đơn trong cấu trúc câu bắt đầu bằng If Để bài luyện đạt kết quả tốt, trước tiên bạn cĩ thể xem cấu trúc sau: 70
  72. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? If - S - Verb (simple present), S - will - Verb (inf) Ví dụ: If I need money, I'll find jobs. Nếu tơi cần tiền, tơi sẽ tìm việc làm. If you open that door, you'll see something strange. Nếu bạn mở cửa ra, bạn sẽ thấy một điều kỳ lạ. If it rains, we won't go out. Nếu trời mưa chúng ta sẽ khơng đi ra ngồi. If he comes, we won't go to the cinema. Nếu hắn đến chúng ta sẽ khơng đi xem phim nữa. Structure Practice 1 Bây giờ bạn hãy viết các câu để trả lời câu hỏi: How does the machine work? If you press button A, you'll get pull lever B, push handle C, D, E Ví dụ: If you push lever B, you'll get an electric shock. Bạn hãy viết như câu mẫu. 1. button A, a surprise. 2. lever B, an electric shock. 3. lever C, a hamburger. 4. handle D, a flower. 5. handle E, hear music. 6. button F, a hot drink. Structure Practice 2 Bây giờ bạn hãy đặt động từ đúng dạng vào chỗ trống. 71
  73. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? 1. If you that button, you a cup of coffee. (press, get) 2. If I time, I and see you. (have, come) 3. If it , we the party inside. (rain, have) 4. I you if I help. (tell, need) 5. I hope you and see us if you in Chicago again. (come, be) 6. If you that door, you something strange. (open, see) 7. I surprised if he before 7 o'clock. (be, arrive) 8. If you fast, we time to play tennis. (eat, have) 9. If you up early tomorrow, I you to the swimming pool? (get, take) 10. I my car if I to live in London. (sell, go) Structure Practice 3 Bạn hãy dùng các tính từ trong bảng để hồn thiện các câu sau. fat dark hungry older thirsty drunk tired wet cold 1. If you don't eat, you'll get 2. If you eat too much, you'll get 3. If you don't drink, you'll get 4. If you drink too much alcohol, you'll get 5. If you run a long way, you'll get 6. If you go out in the rain without an umbrella, you'll get 7. If you go out in the snow without a coat, you'll get . 8. In the evening, when the sun goes down, it gets 9. We are all getting 4C. LISTENING Trước hết bạn hãy đọc những trạng từ sau: angrily coldly happily kindly loudly sleepily Ở những bài trước chúng ta đã được biết các trạng từ thường được dùng làm rõ nghĩa cho động từ. Nĩ thường được cấu tạo từ một tính từ bằng cách cộng thêm "ly" vào sau tính từ. Ví dụ: angry → angrily kind → kindly 72
  74. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? A. Bây giờ bạn hãy nghe đi nghe lại nhiều lần (Unit 4. Listening) rồi chọn một trong những trạng từ trên cho mỗi câu. 1 2 3 4 5 6 B. Bạn hãy nghe tiếp 5 câu và hãy tìm thêm các trạng từ để diễn đạt thái độ của người đang nĩi là như thế nào. 1 4 2 5 3 Note 1: Các trạng từ được cấu tạo từ tính từ cĩ nghĩa của tính từ đĩ. Nĩ bổ nghĩa cho động từ. Ví dụ: He is a careful driver. He drives carefully. Listening Practice 1 Bây giờ bạn hãy điền vào chỗ trống dùng tính từ hay trạng từ. Ví dụ: She is a quick worker. She works quickly. 1. I am very without you. (angry/ angrily) 2. She spoke to me (angry/ angrily) 3. I don't think your mother drinks very (good/ well) 4. You've got a face. (nice/ nicely) 5. I play guitar very (bad/ badly) 6. It's cold. (terrible/ terribly) 7. Your father's got a very voice. (loud/ loudly) 8. Why are you looking at me (cold/ coldly) 9. You speak very English. ( good/ well) 10. You speak English very (good/ well) Note 2: Chúng ta cũng dùng trạng từ đi với tính từ và các trạng từ khác. Ví dụ: She sings very well. adv adv 73
  75. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? That film last night was very funny. adv adj Listening Practice 2 Bây giờ bạn hãy chọn 1 động từ + 1 trạng từ ở trong ơ để điền đầy đủ câu: come explain listen repeat carefully clearly easily well carefully quickly hard well sleep think win work are angry slowly 1. I'm going to say something very important, so please to me 2. John! I need you help. ! 3. I've met him but I don't him very 4. They At the end of the day they're always tired. 5. I'm tired this morning. I didn't last night. 6. You're a much better tennis player than me. When we play you always 7. before you answer the question. 8. Our teacher's isn't very good. He doesn't things very 9. Why you ? I haven't done any thing. 10. Can you please that ? 4D. READING Trước hết bạn hãy đọc bài sau đây nhiều lần, cố gắng hiểu nội dung bài. Nếu từ nào chưa rõ bạn hãy xem phần từ mới. THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT Scientists believe that something very serious is happening to the Earth. It is becoming warmer. Scientists predict that there will be major changes in the climate during the next century. Coastal water will have higher temperatures. This will have a serious effect on agriculture. Farmers will have trouble producing good crops. In warm regions the weather will be too dry. The amount of water could decrease by 50 percent. This would cause a large decrease in agricultural production. World temperatures could increase from 1.5 to 5.6 degrees Celsius by the middle of the twenty-first century. And the increase in temperature could be even greater in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. A rise in temperatures could cause the great ice sheets to melt, which, in turn would raise the level of the oceans one to two meters. Many coastal cities would be underwater. Why is the Earth becoming warmer? The Earth and its atmosphere are kept warm by the sun. The atmosphere lets most of the light from the sun pass through to warm the Earth. The Earth is warmed by the sunlight and 74
  76. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? sends heat energy back into the atmosphere. Much of this energy escapes from the Earth's atmosphere. However, some of it remains. Gases such as carbon dioxide, ozone, and water vapor absorb this energy and create more heat. Then this heat is sent back down to Earth, and the Earth becomes warmer. Scientists call this warming of the Earth and its atmosphere the "greenhouse effect". A greenhouse is a special place where plants are grown. It is made of glass or plastic. The Sunlight passes through the glass or plastic and warms the air inside. The heat inside escapes very slowly, so the greenhouse remains very warm. This is exactly what is happening on Earth. Another reason why the Earth is growing warmer is because of the amount of ozone in our atmosphere. Ozone is also a gas, a form of oxygen. In the upper atmosphere, very far from the Earth, a layer of ozone helps to protect the Earth from 95 percent of the harmful light that comes from the sun. If your skin receives too much of this light, you could develop skin cancer. We need the ozone layer to protect ourselves. But the ozone layer is in trouble. Scientists have observed that the ozone layer is becoming thin, and above Antarctica there is a hole. This allows too much of the Sun's dangerous light into our atmosphere and makes the Earth warmer. Sau khi đọc kỹ đoạn văn trên, bạn hãy trả lời các câu hỏi sau: 1. What is a greenhouse? 2. What causes the greenhouse effect on Earth? 3. Why do scientists call this the greenhouse effect? 4. What gases in the atmosphere cause the Earth to become warmer? 5. What does ozone layer protect people from? Reading Practice 1 Bạn hãy chọn từ thích hợp cho mỗi câu. absorb creates measure regions carbon dioxide encourage occurring serious coastal escapes ozone temperature 1. Scientists believe that something very is happening to the Earth. 2. Farmers will have trouble producing good crops. In warm , the weather will be too dry. 75
  77. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? 3. World could increase from 1.5 to 5.6 degrees Celsius by the middle of the twenty-first century. 4. This could cause the great ice sheets to meet, raising the level of the oceans by one to two meters. Many cities would be under water. 5. The Earth is warmed by the sunlight and sends heat energy back into the atmosphere. Much of this energy from the Earth's atmosphere. 6. The destruction of rain forests that carbon dioxide also helps increase the amount of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. 7. Another reason why the Earth is growing warmer is because of the amount of in our atmosphere. 8. Scientists also people to learn about the changes that are in the world and how we can all help to protect our atmosphere. Reading Practice 2 Bạn hãy viết T (đúng) nếu câu đúng và F (sai) nếu câu sai. Bạn hãy viết NI nếu khơng cĩ đủ thơng tin trong phần đọc để trả lời đúng hay sai. 1. Some scientists say that there will be major changes in the Earth's climate during the next century. 2. At the equator, the weather will be very dry, and farmers have trouble growing crops. 3. Some scientists say that there is too much oxygen in the air. 4. When wood burns, it creates carbon dioxide. 5. Some plastic materials also affect the ozone layer and cause the Earth to become warmer. 6. World temperatures could increase from 1.5 to 5.6 degrees Celsius by the middle of the twenty first century. 7. Scientists observed a hole in the ozone layer above Antarctica. Reading Practice 3 Bạn hãy dùng will + một động từ trong bảng để điền vào mỗi câu. have cause be have be rise have be 1. Scientists predict that there major changes in the climate during the next century. 2. Farmers trouble producing good crops. 3. In warm regions the weather too dry. 4. This a large decrease in agricultural production. 76
  78. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? 5. Coastal water higher temperatures. 6. Many coastal cities underwater. 7. This a serious effect on agriculture. 8. Which, in turn, the level of the oceans by one to two meters. Reading Practice 4 Bạn hãy điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống. Something very serious is happening (1) the Earth. It is becoming warmer. This will have a serious effect (2) agriculture. (3) warm regions the weather will be very dry. The amount (4) water could decrease by 50 percent. This would cause a decrease (5) agricultural production. World temperature could increase from 1.5 (6) 5.6 degrees Celsius (7) the middle (8) the twenty-first century. This could cause the great sheets (9) ice in the Arctic and Antarctic regions to melt and raise the level (10) the oceans (11) one (12) two meters. Many coastal cities would be underwater. SUMMARY Tới lúc này bạn hãy đọc tất cả những nội dung ghi trong phần tĩm tắt dưới đây. Nếu chưa nắm vững phần nào bạn hãy đọc lại phần đĩ và làm các bài tập cho đến khi bạn đạt được các mục đích của bài học. 1. Dùng động từ tương lai đơn Will + V(inf.) để diễn đạt hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai ở dạng khẳng định, phủ định và nghi vấn. I'll go to work tomorrow. Will you go to work tomorrow? I won't go to work tomorrow. 2. Dùng will trong câu điều kiện cĩ thực If it rains, we won't go out. 3. Dùng trạng từ cĩ tận cùng ly được cấu tạo từ tính từ. Careful - carefully Angry - angrily Cold - coldly He is a careful driver. He always drives more carefully at night. 77
  79. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? SELF-TEST Sau khi học xong Unit 4 bạn hãy làm bài kiểm tra sau để xem mình đã nắm vững bài hay chưa. Thời gian tối đa để hồn thành bài tự kiểm tra này là 120 phút. Điểm số dành cho mỗi câu hỏi được ghi trong ngoặc ở đầu câu. Nếu trả lời đúng tất cả bạn cĩ thể chuyển sang học tiếp Unit 5. Chú ý: Bạn cần tự trả lời tất cả các câu hỏi trước khi xem “Key to Self-test.” I. Complete these sentences using the following phrases. (20 points) don't drink go out in the rain don't sleep don't eat cold the President dies there is a revolution hot meet her again don't get a place at university 1. If you you'll get thin. 6. If I I'll be very happy. 2. If you you'll get tired. 7. If I I'll be unhappy. 3. If you you'll get thirsty. 8. If it will be very bad for the country. 4. If you you'll get wet. 9. If it will be very good for them. 5. If it’s I'll warm myself. 10. If it’s I'll go swimming. II. Put the following adjectives into adverbs. (15 points) Example: bad → badly 1. quiet: 2. nice: 3. warm: 4. great: 5. extreme: 6. sincere: 7. hungry: 8. lazy: 9. real: 10. terrible: . . 11. complete: . 12. careful: . 13. angry: . . 78
  80. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? 14. happy: 15. comfortable: III. Chose the right word to put in the blanks. (10 points) 1. She's very with me. (angry /angrily) 2. He doesn't think his mother drives very (good /well) 3. His father spoke to him (angry / angrily) 4. His sister has got a face. (nice /nicely) 5. My brother plays the piano very (bad /badly) 6. It's dark. (terrible /terribly) 7. My house is small but (comfortable /comfortably) 8. She is looking at me (cold /coldly) 9. Our students speak French. (bad / badly) 10. They speak French (bad /badly) IV. Chose the suitable forms of the verbs to complete the sentences. (15 points) 1. Can you help me? Sorry, not just now. I (work) 2. What does she do? I'm not sure. I think she in a bank! (work) 3. We to Canada on holiday nearly every summer. (go) 4. But next summer we to Scotland. (go) 5. I Matthew yesterday. He sends you his love. (see) 6. I three good films this week. (see) 7. She her boy friend for four weeks, and they're already talking about getting married. (know) 8. you ever to change your job? (want) 9. If you help I what I can. (need / do) 10. Your horoscope says that this a difficult week for you. You a talk dark stranger. He all your money. (be/ meet / take) V. Use the following sets of words and phrases to write complete sentences. (10 points) 1. It/ important/ her/ she/doctor/ now. 79
  81. Unit 4: Are you sure you’ll be all right? 2. If/ no taxis/ he/ walk/ there. 3. Saw/ him/ walk/ alone/ park. 4. Money/ not important/ as friendship. 5. Used/ stay/ her uncle's/ when/ a child. 6. She/ seventeen/ old/ Saturday. 7. He/ not well/ so/ had/ see doctor. 8. She/ cook/ good/ than/ my wife. 9. I/ going/ London/ few days/ next month. 10. She/ tell him/ meeting/ if/ see/ tomorrow. VI. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use one of these words in the box. (15 points) party and presents time wearing bring them to age in lot games expecting eat will It is January 10th. Today Jane is seventeen years of (1). She is (2) a pretty new dress. It is blue (3) white. Jane is having a (4) today and she is (5) all her friends to come. They are going to arrive (6) a short time. They are going to (7) many beautiful (8) with (9). Jane's mother has prepared a (10) of nice things to (11) and drink. The young people are going to play (12), sing, dance and listen (13) music. They (14) have a wonderful (15) together. 80